【摘要】：手工業(yè)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)工業(yè)化是國(guó)家生產(chǎn)模式的二元結(jié)構(gòu),在跨文化的視野下分析這種二元結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),總結(jié)得失利弊,對(duì)于考量國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化政策水平不無(wú)裨益。中印手工紡織業(yè)的比較正是這方面的一個(gè)研究個(gè)案。中印兩國(guó)政府都曾以同樣的決心改革傳統(tǒng)手工業(yè)生產(chǎn),提高現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化水平,加速國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化。兩國(guó)也有差異,新中國(guó)初期實(shí)行手工業(yè)改造,鼓勵(lì)工人和農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)向工業(yè)技術(shù)就業(yè);印度則限制農(nóng)村手工業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型,在城市實(shí)施大規(guī)模的工業(yè)化。這兩種努力的長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果是大不相同的,在中國(guó),手工業(yè)生產(chǎn)已縮減至小眾范圍,中國(guó)在現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮后發(fā)展起來(lái)的旅游文化產(chǎn)業(yè)和遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作催生了新的手工業(yè)品。在印度,目前仍有數(shù)以千萬(wàn)計(jì)的家庭在從事手工紡織業(yè)的勞作,支持和保護(hù)手工業(yè)及其價(jià)值觀成為一種強(qiáng)大的政治號(hào)召,推動(dòng)人們?yōu)榫S護(hù)社會(huì)公正和環(huán)境保護(hù)而奮斗。解讀這一個(gè)案具有啟示意義。
[Abstract]:Handicraft industry and modern technology industrialization are the dual structure of national production mode. It is helpful to consider the level of national modernization policy by analyzing the development trend of this dual structure from the perspective of cross-culture and summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the dual structure. The comparison of the manual textile industry between China and India is a case study in this respect. Both Chinese and Indian governments have adopted the same determination to reform traditional handicraft production, raise the level of modern industrialization, and accelerate the modernization of the country. There are also differences between the two countries, with the initial transformation of the handicraft industry in New China to encourage workers and farmers to switch to industrial and technological employment, and India to limit the transformation of rural handicrafts and to implement large-scale industrialization in the cities. The long-term results of the two efforts are very different. In China, handicraft production has shrunk to a niche, and tourism and cultural industries and heritage conservation efforts developed after China's modern economic boom have spawned new handicrafts. In India, tens of millions of families are still working in the handicraft textile industry, supporting and protecting the handicraft industry and its values has become a powerful political call to promote the struggle for social justice and environmental protection. It is instructive to interpret this case.
【作者單位】： 愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)社會(huì)人類學(xué)系;北京師范大學(xué)民俗典籍文字研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重點(diǎn)研究基地重大項(xiàng)目“跨文化學(xué)理論與方法論”(16JJD750006)
【分類號(hào)】：F426.81;F435.1
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本文編號(hào)：2441893