【摘要】：2013年8月15日,國家電網(wǎng)公司印發(fā)電能替代實施方案,倡導(dǎo)“以電代煤、以電代油,電從遠方來,來的是清潔電”的能源消費新模式,不斷提高電能占終端能源消費比重,推進社會節(jié)能減排,促進電能清潔替代。實施電能替代戰(zhàn)略,可以減少城市大氣污染,解決棄風(fēng)、棄光新能源資源浪費的困境。電能替代是轉(zhuǎn)變能源發(fā)展方式、實現(xiàn)能源戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)型、實施能源革命的重大舉措。全面實施電能替代、提高電氣化水平,對于解決棄風(fēng)、棄光的消納,優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)、防治大氣污染、提高新能源的利用水平至關(guān)重要。本文結(jié)合2016年5月國家發(fā)改委發(fā)布的《關(guān)于推進電能替代的指導(dǎo)意見》(發(fā)改能源[2016]1054號)和電能替代十三五規(guī)劃,以棄風(fēng)、棄光現(xiàn)象嚴重為背景,首先對中國能源消費結(jié)構(gòu)與不同用戶的用能特性進行梳理,在總體分析我國用煤、用油、用氣結(jié)構(gòu)的特點后,對我國新能源的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行研究,明確棄風(fēng)、棄光形成原因與開展電能替代的迫切性。其次,對電能替代內(nèi)涵、政策進行梳理,結(jié)合全壽命周期、臨界電價等相關(guān)理論,分別采用不考慮初始投資的運行成本分析法和考慮初始投資的基于全壽命周期的年費用分析法構(gòu)建了兩種臨界電價測算模型,并以G省為例,將測算出的臨界銷售電價與現(xiàn)行目錄電價比較,以對建筑采暖領(lǐng)域、生產(chǎn)制造領(lǐng)域、交通領(lǐng)域以及居民用戶電力消費領(lǐng)域中的替代方案進行經(jīng)濟評價。然后,基于用戶電能替代設(shè)備壽命周期內(nèi)的現(xiàn)金流量,從減少投資費用、運營成本的經(jīng)濟角度出發(fā),提出“2+3+6”鏈式促新能源電能替代總體模式,進而對建筑采暖、生產(chǎn)制造、交通運輸以及電力供應(yīng)與消費領(lǐng)域的四大類用戶提出具體的電能替代模式并從政府、電網(wǎng)公司、新能源發(fā)電企業(yè)等不同社會主體的角度,構(gòu)建“主體+要素+時間+空間”多維角度的落地機制,促進新能源的消納。
[Abstract]:On August 15, 2013, the State Grid Company issued and issued a new energy consumption plan, advocating a new energy consumption pattern of "replacing coal with electricity, replacing oil with electricity, and electricity coming from afar," in order to continuously increase the proportion of electric energy in the terminal energy consumption. Promote social energy saving and emission reduction, promote clean substitution of electric energy. The implementation of electric energy substitution strategy can reduce urban air pollution and solve the problem of waste of new energy resources. Electric energy substitution is an important measure to change the mode of energy development, realize the transformation of energy strategy and implement the energy revolution. The overall implementation of electric energy substitution and the improvement of electrification level are very important to solve the problem of abandoning wind, eliminating light, optimizing energy structure, preventing and controlling air pollution, and improving the utilization level of new energy. This paper combines the National Development and Reform Commission's guidelines on the Promotion of Power substitution (No. 1054 of Energy Development and Reform) and the 13th Five-Year Plan of Electric Energy substitution issued in May 2016. The background is the abandonment of wind and the serious phenomenon of light loss. First of all, the energy consumption structure of China and the characteristics of different users are combed. After the overall analysis of the characteristics of coal, oil and gas structure in China, the development status of new energy in China is studied, and the development of new energy is clearly abandoned. The reason of abandoning light and the urgency of developing electric energy substitution. Secondly, combing the connotation and policy of electric power substitution, combining the theory of whole life cycle, critical electricity price and so on, Two kinds of critical electricity price models are constructed by using the operation cost analysis method without considering the initial investment and the annual cost analysis method based on the whole life cycle considering the initial investment, and taking G province as an example. The calculated critical selling price is compared with the current catalog price in order to evaluate the alternative schemes in the field of building heating, production and manufacture, transportation and consumer electricity consumption. Then, based on the cash flow in the life cycle of the power substitution equipment, and from the economic point of view of reducing the investment cost and operating cost, the "236" chain mode of promoting new energy and power substitution is put forward, and then the heating of the building is made. Four major categories of users in the fields of production, manufacturing, transportation, power supply and consumption put forward specific modes of electricity substitution and from the perspective of different social entities such as government, power grid companies, new energy generation enterprises, etc. Construct the landing mechanism of multi-dimensional angle of subject element time and space to promote the absorption of new energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.61

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