【摘要】：近年來(lái),伴隨著汽車(chē)銷(xiāo)量及凈利潤(rùn)下滑,汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠商追求效益、降低成本的壓力必然向汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的物流環(huán)節(jié)釋放。而汽車(chē)零部件供應(yīng)物流和回收物流作為汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈優(yōu)化中最為關(guān)鍵的一環(huán),一直是國(guó)內(nèi)外專(zhuān)家研究的熱點(diǎn)。然而,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)我國(guó)零部件供應(yīng)物流及次品回收物流是分離的,往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)多種物流業(yè)務(wù)平行開(kāi)展,物流環(huán)節(jié)重復(fù),資源配置浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重制約汽車(chē)行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。所以,本文探討在原有供應(yīng)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)上擴(kuò)展回收物流模塊,將雙向物流的思想引入汽車(chē)零部件物流中。本文在歸納總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外成熟汽車(chē)零部件物流模式的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)比分析現(xiàn)有供應(yīng)物流和回收物流的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),指出雙向物流模式是汽車(chē)零部件物流發(fā)展的新方向。同時(shí)詳細(xì)介紹了汽車(chē)零部件采購(gòu)物流及回收物流路徑優(yōu)化的基本模型,通過(guò)對(duì)原有供應(yīng)物流路徑優(yōu)化模型的優(yōu)化再設(shè)計(jì),指出實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向物流的關(guān)鍵在于取貨路徑的安排調(diào)度。尤其是一個(gè)科學(xué)合理的路徑優(yōu)化方案能夠有效地控制小批量、多批次物流的成本。對(duì)此,本文將汽車(chē)零部件雙向物流路徑優(yōu)化模型抽象為帶軟時(shí)間窗的同時(shí)取送貨路徑優(yōu)化模型即VPRSPDTW模型。相比傳統(tǒng)的路徑優(yōu)化模型,該模型增加了同時(shí)取送貨需求限制和時(shí)間窗約束,使之更加貼近實(shí)際應(yīng)用。在模型求解上,結(jié)合遺傳算法、禁忌算法、模擬退火算法的優(yōu)點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了適合VRPSPDTW模型的混合遺傳禁忌模擬退火算法。通過(guò)對(duì)算例進(jìn)行求解,從以下兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析:其一,通過(guò)與禁忌算法與模擬退火算法的對(duì)比,分析不同算法策略下優(yōu)化效果及性能,指出在使用車(chē)輛數(shù)、配送距離優(yōu)化方面,混合遺傳禁忌模擬退火算法較禁忌算法、模擬退火算法具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì);其二,不同物流策略下,對(duì)單向物流與雙向物流的優(yōu)化效果對(duì)比,指出雙向物流模式在降低物流成本,提高物流資源利用率上效果卓著,驗(yàn)證了算法及模型的有效性及科學(xué)性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the decline of automobile sales and net profit, the pressure of automobile manufacturers to pursue efficiency and reduce costs is bound to release to the logistics link of automobile industry chain. As the most important part in the optimization of automobile industry chain, the logistics of auto parts supply and recovery has always been the hot spot of domestic and foreign experts. However, for a long time, parts supply logistics and defective product recovery logistics in China have been separated, which often lead to the parallel development of various logistics services, duplication of logistics links and waste of resources allocation, which seriously restrict the healthy development of the automobile industry. Therefore, this paper discusses the expansion of recovery logistics module on the basis of the original supply logistics network, and introduces the idea of two-way logistics into automobile parts logistics. On the basis of summing up the domestic and foreign mature automobile parts logistics models, this paper compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing supply logistics and recovery logistics, and points out that the two-way logistics model is the new direction of automobile parts logistics development. At the same time, the paper introduces the basic model of automobile parts purchasing logistics and recovery logistics route optimization in detail. Through the optimization and redesign of the original supply logistics route optimization model, the key to realize the two-way logistics is the arrangement and scheduling of the pick-up route. In particular, a scientific and reasonable path optimization scheme can effectively control the cost of small batch and multi-batch logistics. In this paper, the two-way logistics path optimization model of automobile parts is abstracted as VPRSPDTW model with soft time window. Compared with the traditional path optimization model, this model adds both delivery requirement constraints and time window constraints to make it more close to practical application. Based on the advantages of genetic algorithm, Tabu algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, a hybrid genetic Tabu simulated annealing algorithm suitable for VRPSPDTW model is designed. By solving an example, the following two aspects are compared and analyzed: first, by comparing with Tabu algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, the optimization effect and performance under different algorithm strategies are analyzed, and the number of vehicles in use is pointed out. In distribution distance optimization, hybrid genetic Tabu simulated annealing algorithm has obvious advantages over Tabu algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm. Secondly, under different logistics strategies, the optimization effects of unidirectional logistics and two-way logistics are compared. It is pointed out that the bi-directional logistics model is effective in reducing the logistics cost and improving the utilization ratio of logistics resources, which verifies the validity and scientific nature of the algorithm and model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F426.471;F252

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