【摘要】：自1995年起,機(jī)電產(chǎn)品已成為中國第一大類出口商品,且從2004年以來機(jī)電產(chǎn)品占據(jù)商品出口總量始終超過50%的份額。機(jī)電產(chǎn)品在中國對外貿(mào)易中占據(jù)了重要地位,為我國創(chuàng)造了大量外匯收入,對中國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行、對外貿(mào)易發(fā)展及國際收支平衡做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。雖然中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口規(guī)模在不斷增加,但增長勢頭開始逐漸放緩,2005年機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口增長率為31.61%,到2014年已下降到3.26%,機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支撐力逐漸下降。鑒于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口前景不佳,在這樣的背景下開展對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率的研究對于繼續(xù)挖掘我國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口潛力及保證我國對外貿(mào)易平穩(wěn)發(fā)展具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文試圖從出口效率及其影響因素的角度對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口加以研究,期望能為中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口貿(mào)易提供借鑒。本文運(yùn)用定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的方式,將傳統(tǒng)引力模型與隨機(jī)前沿模型相結(jié)合,采用隨機(jī)前沿模型對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率進(jìn)行了測算,通過參考前人的研究成果并結(jié)合機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn),選取了區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定、亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織、關(guān)稅水平、技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘及制度建設(shè)程度作為機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率影響因素進(jìn)行分析。全文共為六個(gè)部分。首先闡述論文的選題背景研究意義、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述、論文框架、研究方法等;隨后對出口效率的理論內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行了概括,并對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化理論、關(guān)稅理論、制度理論及關(guān)于技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行簡要介紹;第三部分對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口額與增長率、市場分布、商品結(jié)構(gòu)與貿(mào)易方式四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了概括;第四部分建立隨機(jī)前沿模型對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率進(jìn)行了測算并對不同地區(qū)進(jìn)行了比較;第五部分在前文的基礎(chǔ)上中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率影響因素的分析,測算了各個(gè)因素影響的大小;第六部分針對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口存在的問題,結(jié)合五個(gè)出口效率影響因素,提出了提高機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率的對策建議。研究結(jié)果表明:2014年中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率算術(shù)平均值為0.35,對北美的出口效率最高,其次為南美、亞洲、非洲,對歐洲的出口效率最低;區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定、亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織及較高的制度建設(shè)程度都能對中國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口效率起到提高作用,技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘起抑制作用且影響較強(qiáng),關(guān)稅水平同樣起負(fù)面作用。通過分析提出以下建議:第一,政府積極參與區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定,降低關(guān)稅壁壘;第二,政府、企業(yè)與行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)共同應(yīng)對TBT;第三,提高制度質(zhì)量,縮小制度距離。
[Abstract]:Since 1995, mechanical and electrical products have become the largest category of export commodities in China, and since 2004, mechanical and electrical products have occupied more than 50% of the total export volume of commodities. Mechanical and electrical products play an important role in China's foreign trade, create a large amount of foreign exchange income for China, and make a great contribution to the smooth operation of China's national economy, the development of foreign trade and the balance of international payments. Although the export scale of China's mechanical and electrical products is increasing, the growth trend is gradually slowing down. In 2005, the export growth rate of mechanical and electrical products was 31.61%, but by 2014 it had dropped to 3.26%, and the support of the export of mechanical and electrical products to China's economic development was gradually declining. In view of the poor prospect of export of mechanical and electrical products, it is of great practical significance to study the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products under this background in order to continue to tap the export potential of China's mechanical and electrical products and to ensure the smooth development of China's foreign trade. This paper attempts to study the export of China's mechanical and electrical products from the point of view of export efficiency and its influencing factors, hoping to provide reference for China's export of mechanical and electrical products. In this paper, by combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the traditional gravitational model and stochastic frontier model are combined to measure the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products. By referring to the previous research results and combining the characteristics of mechanical and electrical products, selected regional trade agreements, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, tariff levels, Technical barriers to trade (TBT) and the degree of system construction are analyzed as the factors affecting the export efficiency of mechatronic products. The thesis consists of six parts. First of all, this paper describes the significance of the research background, related literature review, paper framework, research methods, etc.; then the theoretical connotation of export efficiency is summarized, and the regional economic integration theory, tariff theory, etc. The third part summarizes the export volume and growth rate of China's mechanical and electrical products, market distribution, commodity structure and trade mode. The fourth part establishes a stochastic frontier model to measure and compare the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products. The fifth part analyzes the factors affecting the export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products on the basis of the above. In the sixth part, aiming at the problems existing in the export of China's mechanical and electrical products, combined with five factors affecting the export efficiency, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the export efficiency of mechanical and electrical products. The results show that the arithmetic average of export efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products in 2014 is 0.35, with the highest efficiency to North America, followed by South America, Asia and Africa, and the lowest export efficiency to Europe. APEC and the higher degree of institutional construction can improve the efficiency of China's mechanical and electrical products export, the technical barriers to trade have a strong influence and the tariff level also plays a negative role. The following suggestions are put forward through the analysis: first, the government actively participates in regional trade agreements to reduce tariff barriers; second, the government, enterprises and trade associations jointly deal with TBT; third, improve the quality of the system and narrow the system distance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F752.62;F426.6

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