【摘要】：制造業(yè)是由較多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)組成的并且多以加工、制造為主的行業(yè),人們的衣食住行都與制造業(yè)有著緊密的聯(lián)系。國(guó)家在發(fā)展過(guò)程中需要雄厚的資金作為支持,而經(jīng)濟(jì)的良好發(fā)展可以為其提供充足的資金支持,所以經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速、有序、健康的發(fā)展就成為了一個(gè)國(guó)家強(qiáng)大的必要條件,而制造業(yè)是所有這一切正常發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。小到洗漱、吃飯、穿衣、出行所用到的各種生活用品,出行所用的自行車(chē)、電動(dòng)車(chē)、汽車(chē)等各種交通工具等都是通過(guò)加工制造得到的。大到各種生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、飛機(jī)、大炮等也都是通過(guò)高級(jí)制造業(yè)的加工制造得到的。沒(méi)有制造業(yè)作為支撐,人們的日常生活就無(wú)法正常進(jìn)行,更別說(shuō)發(fā)展。所以大力發(fā)展制造業(yè)就成了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),也是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的途徑之一。雖然制造業(yè)中有很多屬于大眾認(rèn)為的低技術(shù)含量的傳統(tǒng)制造加工業(yè),但并不代表其沒(méi)有發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新的價(jià)值。傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)也可以因?yàn)槠渖a(chǎn)制造過(guò)程的不傳統(tǒng)而得到發(fā)展,因?yàn)槠洚a(chǎn)品的方便、創(chuàng)新而受到更多的認(rèn)可和贊賞。而且制造業(yè)中也不乏關(guān)系到國(guó)家安全、體現(xiàn)國(guó)家發(fā)達(dá)程度的高端科技產(chǎn)品,航空器、火箭、飛機(jī)等代表一個(gè)國(guó)家軍事實(shí)力、綜合實(shí)力、科技發(fā)達(dá)程度的高端產(chǎn)品,也都是制造業(yè)的典型代表。而發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家往往都在這些領(lǐng)域處于領(lǐng)先地位,并且很多產(chǎn)品最先都是在軍事方面得到研發(fā)、應(yīng)用,它們最后都會(huì)因?yàn)槠涓呖萍夹�、便捷性而在人們的生活領(lǐng)域得到認(rèn)可和快速的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展。因此各個(gè)國(guó)家都很重視制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。我國(guó)也不例外,2014年被首次提出的“中國(guó)制造2025”就是我國(guó)對(duì)制造業(yè)重視的直接體現(xiàn),自從“中國(guó)制造2025”被我國(guó)列入發(fā)展計(jì)劃提出以來(lái),近些年來(lái)就在各種大大小小的會(huì)議上被多次的強(qiáng)調(diào),可見(jiàn)我國(guó)近些年來(lái)對(duì)制造業(yè)的重視程度不但沒(méi)有降低反而在提高。這一系列的政策、計(jì)劃,也足以證明制造業(yè)的重要性。而作為中原經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)建設(shè)主體的河南,也同樣需要響應(yīng)國(guó)家號(hào)召,在新型工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中壯大一批以制造業(yè)為支撐的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè),通過(guò)建立現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系來(lái)推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。河南省,一直以來(lái)都是人口大省,雖然也是農(nóng)業(yè)大省,但人均占有量較低。在河南省的三大產(chǎn)業(yè)中,第一產(chǎn)業(yè)比重高,第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)比重低,重工業(yè)比重高,輕污染、高附加值型產(chǎn)業(yè)比重低。近年來(lái),隨著河南省逐漸由農(nóng)業(yè)大省向工業(yè)大省轉(zhuǎn)變,河南省制造業(yè)的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大、效益不斷提高,自主創(chuàng)新能力和研發(fā)水平明顯提高,產(chǎn)業(yè)整體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力穩(wěn)步提升,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起到了支撐和帶動(dòng)作用。但是隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整,河南省的制造業(yè)企業(yè)也暴露出了明顯的矛盾和問(wèn)題。具體表現(xiàn)為:重型工業(yè)比重大,對(duì)資源和能源的依賴(lài)程度高、消耗大,污染性高,很多都是以破環(huán)環(huán)境為代價(jià)來(lái)?yè)Q取一時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)。先進(jìn)制造業(yè)發(fā)展不足,擁有優(yōu)秀人才、尖端技術(shù)的企業(yè)較少,生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)相對(duì)滯后,產(chǎn)業(yè)集群經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力弱,諸多領(lǐng)域被鎖定在全球價(jià)值鏈的低端環(huán)節(jié)。關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的研究較多,本文基于全球價(jià)值鏈視角,認(rèn)為產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)應(yīng)是使產(chǎn)品附加值提高的生產(chǎn)要素改進(jìn)、結(jié)構(gòu)改變、生產(chǎn)效率與產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量提高。相對(duì)應(yīng)河南省的制造業(yè),其產(chǎn)品附加值低及多數(shù)企業(yè)處于全球價(jià)值鏈低端環(huán)節(jié)的事實(shí)又一次表明河南省應(yīng)該重視其制造業(yè)升級(jí),積極主動(dòng)的提出相應(yīng)發(fā)展措施,并且應(yīng)確保其實(shí)施。本論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括五個(gè)部分,第一部分是本文的研究背景,意義,關(guān)于產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的相關(guān)理論,產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的內(nèi)涵等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。第二部分通過(guò)《河南省統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》、國(guó)家產(chǎn)權(quán)局等相關(guān)網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù),分階段分析河南省制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀,得出了河南省制造業(yè)目前仍處在全球價(jià)值鏈的低端環(huán)節(jié)這樣的事實(shí)。高污染、低產(chǎn)出型、勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)所占比重仍然較高。第三部分通過(guò)上章對(duì)河南省制造業(yè)現(xiàn)狀的分析,列出了可能影響河南省制造業(yè)升級(jí)的相關(guān)因素,主要包括技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、研發(fā)資金投入、高級(jí)人力資本、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和融資結(jié)構(gòu)這五個(gè)方面,并且提出了五個(gè)假設(shè),即以上得出的影響因素均顯著的影響河南省制造業(yè)升級(jí)。第四部分利用eviews軟件,通過(guò)實(shí)證分析,檢驗(yàn)上一部分提出的假設(shè),得出了以下的結(jié)論:技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、研發(fā)資金投入、研發(fā)人員投入、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、融資結(jié)構(gòu)中的政府資金投入比例均顯著地影響著河南省制造業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),除了融資結(jié)構(gòu)中的政府資金比例對(duì)河南省制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的影響是負(fù)的以外,其余變量的影響效果均為正。研發(fā)人員投入對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的影響效果優(yōu)于專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)數(shù),專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)數(shù)對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的影響效果優(yōu)于研發(fā)資金投入,而新產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售收入的效果最小。產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度越低,產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)效果越好�；谶@樣的分析結(jié)果,得出了第五部分的結(jié)論:要重視技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,重視人才的引進(jìn)及培養(yǎng)、加大對(duì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新資金的投入,并且增加行業(yè)多樣性。此外,不能僅僅埋頭搞研發(fā),追求專(zhuān)利數(shù)量,更多的要將研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)品的實(shí)際銷(xiāo)售量,轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際的利潤(rùn)。
[Abstract]:Manufacturing industry is made up of many traditional industries and is mainly processed and manufactured. People's clothing, food, shelter and transportation are closely related to manufacturing industry. The country needs strong financial support in the process of development, and the sound economic development can provide sufficient financial support, so the economy is fast, orderly and healthy. Development has become a strong and necessary condition for a country, and manufacturing is the basis for all this normal development. Small to wash, eat, dress, travel used in a variety of daily necessities, bicycles, electric cars, automobiles and other means of transportation are produced through processing. Large to a variety of production equipment, flying. Machinery, cannon and so on are also obtained through the processing and manufacturing of advanced manufacturing industry. Without the support of manufacturing industry, people's daily life can not be normal, let alone development. The traditional manufacturing and processing industries with low technological content, however, do not represent the value of development and innovation. Traditional industries can also be developed because of the unconventional manufacturing process, because of the convenience and innovation of their products, which are more recognized and appreciated. Advanced high-end technology products, such as aircraft, rocket, aircraft, which represent a country's military strength, comprehensive strength, high-end technology development, are also typical of the manufacturing industry. Every country attaches great importance to the development of manufacturing industry. China is no exception. Made in China 2025, which was first put forward in 2014, is the direct embodiment of our country's emphasis on manufacturing industry since "Made in China 2025". "Since it was put forward in the development plan of our country, it has been emphasized many times in various conferences in recent years, which shows that the importance of manufacturing industry has not been reduced but increased in recent years. Henan also needs to respond to the call of the state to strengthen a number of leading industries supported by manufacturing in the process of new industrialization and promote industrial upgrading by establishing a modern industrial system. In recent years, with Henan Province gradually changing from a large agricultural province to an industrial province, the scale of Henan Province's manufacturing industry has been expanding continuously, the efficiency has been improving continuously, the independent innovation ability and R&D level have been improved obviously, and the overall competitiveness of the industry has been improved. However, with the transformation of the mode of economic development and the adjustment of industrial structure, Henan's manufacturing enterprises have also exposed obvious contradictions and problems. Advanced manufacturing industry is underdeveloped, there are fewer enterprises with excellent talents, less enterprises with advanced technology, relatively lagging producer services, weak economic strength of industrial clusters, and many fields are locked in the low-end link of the global value chain. From the perspective of the global value chain, the paper holds that industrial upgrading should be the improvement of production factors, structural changes, production efficiency and product quality. The fact that the value-added products of Henan Province are low and most enterprises are at the low end of the global value chain indicates that Henan Province should attach importance to the upgrading of its manufacturing industry. This paper mainly includes five parts. The first part is the research background and significance of this paper, the related theory of industrial upgrading, the connotation of industrial upgrading and other related content. The second part is through the "Statistical Yearbook of Henan Province", the State Property Office and other related networks. Station data, phased analysis of the current situation of manufacturing industry in Henan Province, Henan Province is still in the low-end of the global value chain, the fact that the manufacturing industry in Henan Province is still in the low-end link. High pollution, low output, labor-intensive industries still account for a higher proportion. The relevant factors of manufacturing upgrading in Henan Province mainly include technological innovation, R&D capital investment, advanced human capital, market structure and financing structure. Five hypotheses are put forward, that is, the above factors have significant impact on manufacturing upgrading in Henan Province. The hypothesis put forward in the previous part draws the following conclusions: technological innovation, R&D capital investment, R&D personnel investment, market structure, the proportion of government capital investment in the financing structure have a significant impact on the upgrading of Henan manufacturing industry, in addition to the proportion of government capital in the financing structure of Henan manufacturing industry upgrading impact The effect of R&D personnel investment on industrial upgrading is better than the number of patent applications. The effect of patent application number on industrial upgrading is better than that of R&D capital investment, while the effect of new product sales revenue is the smallest. The conclusion of the fifth part is that we should attach importance to technological innovation, the introduction and cultivation of talents, increase investment in technological innovation funds, and increase the diversity of industries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F427

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