本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民國(guó)時(shí)期 淮南礦工 工作狀況 家庭生活 工人斗爭(zhēng)　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：設(shè)立于1930年3月的淮南煤礦局,是當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)唯一由南京國(guó)民政府直接經(jīng)營(yíng)的煤礦。1937年7月,淮南礦路股份有限公司正式成立,宋子文財(cái)團(tuán)經(jīng)營(yíng)的中國(guó)建設(shè)銀公司趁機(jī)收購(gòu)大量股份,獲得了公司的掌控權(quán)。1938年6月,日軍侵占淮南礦區(qū)。隨后,日軍將淮南煤礦與華商大通煤礦股份有限公司所經(jīng)營(yíng)的大通煤礦合并組成淮南煤礦股份有限公司(淮南炭礦株式會(huì)社),淮南礦路股份有限公司名存實(shí)亡。1945年8月,抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利。同年9月,宋子文財(cái)團(tuán)派員接受了淮南煤礦和淮南鐵路,同時(shí)還接收了大通煤礦。1947年,華商大通煤礦股份有限公司正式并入淮南礦路股份有限公司。1949年淮南礦區(qū)獲得解放,淮南礦路公司正式解體,成立淮南煤礦局,后改稱淮南礦務(wù)局(至今)�；茨厦旱V在民國(guó)時(shí)期的發(fā)展,雖然經(jīng)歷了"官辦"、"官督商辦"、"日偽占領(lǐng)"、"商辦"等幾個(gè)階段不停地改組、合并,但其整體上的采煤規(guī)模是不斷擴(kuò)大的,同時(shí)也促進(jìn)了礦工群體迅速壯大。鼎盛時(shí)期,淮南煤礦在冊(cè)工人總數(shù)達(dá)一萬(wàn)七千至一萬(wàn)八千人。煤礦工人大多來(lái)自淮南地區(qū)破產(chǎn)的農(nóng)民和手工業(yè)者,山東、河南、蘇北三地也是招募的主要地區(qū),其中以山東籍工人技能最好。礦工年齡大多數(shù)是在20歲至40歲之間,屬青壯年,體力強(qiáng)盛,年齡結(jié)構(gòu)合理。但煤礦工人受教育程度普遍較低,尤其是包工,文盲人數(shù)眾多。礦工井下工作環(huán)境比較惡劣,火災(zāi)、透水、瓦斯、冒頂、塌方等礦難事故頻繁發(fā)生,對(duì)工人的生命安全產(chǎn)生了極大的威脅。資本家們?yōu)榱艘?往往不顧工人的死活,無(wú)限制地延長(zhǎng)勞動(dòng)時(shí)間,增加勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,實(shí)際上工人工作時(shí)間每班都不止12小時(shí)。由于煤礦工人的構(gòu)成不同,享受的待遇也不盡相同。一般來(lái)說(shuō),里工的工資相對(duì)包工較好一些。礦工們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪袠?lè)觀積極,與好兄弟拜把子,大口喝酒、大口吃肉,為壓抑的勞動(dòng)生活增添許多樂(lè)趣。而煤礦工人特殊的作業(yè)環(huán)境,使其無(wú)論在生產(chǎn)中還是在家庭生活中,都有很多忌諱,并存在普遍的祭祀窯神的現(xiàn)象,這從側(cè)面也反映出了他們對(duì)安全生產(chǎn)的一種渴望。民國(guó)時(shí)期,日本帝國(guó)主義、官僚資本主義以及封建把頭相互勾結(jié),對(duì)淮南煤礦工人進(jìn)行層層剝削與壓迫,使工人們長(zhǎng)期掙扎在死亡線上,衣不蔽體,食不果腹。尤其是日本侵略者占領(lǐng)淮南煤礦后,為最大限度地掠奪淮南煤炭資源,進(jìn)行罪惡的"以人換煤"式開(kāi)采,強(qiáng)迫工人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間從事奴隸般的勞動(dòng)。面對(duì)這種殘酷的盤(pán)剝,淮南煤礦工人團(tuán)結(jié)互助,一直為爭(zhēng)取待遇和地位的改善,做各種各樣的斗爭(zhēng),由起初自發(fā)的、無(wú)組織的斗爭(zhēng)發(fā)展到在共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的有組織、有目標(biāo)的斗爭(zhēng)。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)的發(fā)展,他們的政治覺(jué)悟不斷提高,斗爭(zhēng)目標(biāo)不斷地向國(guó)內(nèi)革命目標(biāo)靠攏,成為了全國(guó)工人斗爭(zhēng)隊(duì)伍和抗戰(zhàn)的重要力量,從而產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的社會(huì)影響。
[Abstract]:The Huainan Coal Mine Bureau, which was established in March 1930, was the only coal mine in China directly operated by the Nanjing National Government at that time. In July 1937, Huainan Coal Mine Road Co., Ltd. was formally established. The China Construction Bank Company, run by the Song Ziwen consortium, seized the opportunity to acquire a large number of shares and gained control of the company. In June 1938, the Japanese army invaded the Huainan mining area. The Japanese army merged the Datong Coal Mine operated by Huainan Coal Mine and Datong Coal Mine Co., Ltd. into Huainan Coal Mine Co., Ltd. (Huainan Coal Mine Co., Ltd., Huainan Coal Mine Road Co., Ltd.). In August 1945, Victory in the War of Resistance against Japan. On September of the same year, the Song Ziwen consortium sent personnel to accept the Huainan Coal Mine and the Huainan Railway, as well as the Datong Coal Mine. On 1947, Huashang Datong Coal Mine Co., Ltd. was formally incorporated into Huainan Mining Road Co., Ltd. In 1949, Huainan Mining area was liberated, Huainan Mining Road Company was formally dissolved, and Huainan Coal Mine Bureau was established. It was later renamed Huainan Mining Bureau (the development of Huainan Coal Mine in the period of the Republic of China), although it has undergone several stages, such as "official office", "official governor business office", "Japanese puppet occupation", "commercial office", and so on. But the overall scale of coal mining has been expanding, and it has also contributed to the rapid growth of the miner community. The total number of registered workers in Huainan coal mine is 17,000 to 18,000. Most of the coal miners come from bankrupt farmers and craftsmen in Huainan area. Shandong, Henan and northern Jiangsu are also the main areas of recruitment. Most of the miners are between the ages of 20 and 40. They are young and mature, with a strong physical strength and a reasonable age structure. But the coal miners generally have a low level of education, especially the contract workers. There are a large number of illiterate people. The underground working environment of miners is relatively bad. Accidents such as fire, water permeability, gas, roof fall and collapse occur frequently, which poses a great threat to the life and safety of workers. In fact, workers work more than 12 hours in each shift. Because the composition of coal miners is different, the treatment they enjoy is not the same. The wages of the local workers are better than those of the contract workers. The miners are optimistic and active in their daily life, worshipping their good brothers, drinking and eating meat, adding a lot of pleasure to the repressed labor life. And the coal miners have a special working environment. So that they have many taboos both in production and in family life, and there is a widespread phenomenon of sacrificing kiln gods, which also reflects their desire for safe production. During the period of the Republic of China, Japanese imperialism, Bureaucrat-capitalism and feudalism colluded with each other to exploit and oppress the coal miners in Huainan on various levels, so that the workers had been struggling for a long time on the death line, without clothing and food, especially after the Japanese invaders occupied the Huainan coal mine. In order to plunder Huainan coal resources to the maximum extent, carry out criminal "man for coal" type mining, force workers to engage in slave labor for a long time. In the face of this cruel exploitation, Huainan coal miners unite and help each other. Has been waging various struggles for the improvement of treatment and status, from a spontaneous and unorganized struggle at first to an organized and targeted struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party. With the development of the domestic situation, Their political consciousness was constantly raised, and their struggle objectives were drawn closer to the domestic revolutionary targets, which became an important force in the national workers' struggle and the War of Resistance against Japan, and thus had a profound social impact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F429;K262.9

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