鋼球表面缺陷的多光纖檢測(cè)方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-21 15:59
【摘要】：鋼球是滾動(dòng)球軸承的一個(gè)重要零部件，它的質(zhì)量情況對(duì)軸承的使用壽命、運(yùn)動(dòng)精度、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)性能起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。特別是鋼球表面質(zhì)量對(duì)軸承功能特性影響顯著，影響著轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部位的表面承載能力和抗疲勞強(qiáng)度,對(duì)于間隙配合部位的配合性能、潤(rùn)滑性能和耐磨損性能等許多方面都有非常重要的要求。在球軸承的故障因素分析中，由于鋼球表面缺陷而導(dǎo)致的失效形式高達(dá)70%以上，因此球軸承質(zhì)量提高的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)鋼球表面缺陷進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，嚴(yán)格把好鋼球表面質(zhì)量這一關(guān)。我國(guó)迫切需要一種新的技術(shù)，開發(fā)出具有國(guó)產(chǎn)獨(dú)立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的鋼球表面質(zhì)量檢測(cè)儀器，提高檢測(cè)精度與準(zhǔn)確度，降低設(shè)備購(gòu)買成本，減小對(duì)國(guó)外設(shè)備的依賴性。 本文提出的鋼球表面缺陷的多光纖檢測(cè)方法研究是在一系列基金項(xiàng)目的資助下開展的。本課題參與了企業(yè)委托項(xiàng)目、濟(jì)南大學(xué)校博士基金項(xiàng)目(XBS0854)、國(guó)家級(jí)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目（201210427022）、山東省高等學(xué)校計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(J10LD22)以及山東省優(yōu)秀中青年科學(xué)家科研獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)基金項(xiàng)目（BS2010ZZ001）等，以鋼球表面缺陷為研究對(duì)象，根據(jù)粗糙表面散射理論以及雙光束比值測(cè)量方法，把光纖傳感技術(shù)應(yīng)用到鋼球表面缺陷檢測(cè)上，打破鋼球表面缺陷檢測(cè)自動(dòng)化程度低，效率低的瓶頸，開發(fā)一套價(jià)格適中、高速高效的鋼球表面缺陷檢測(cè)設(shè)備。 根據(jù)鋼球表面缺陷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，分析缺陷參數(shù)和特征，把缺陷歸類為位移缺陷與粗糙度缺陷，使之能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)光纖傳感器對(duì)缺陷特征的獲取。 分析光纖傳感器探頭光纖排列模型，為方便對(duì)鋼球表面缺陷特征的提取，確定中心發(fā)射周圍三圈接收的傳感器探頭光纖陣列，用反射式光強(qiáng)調(diào)制型光纖傳感器對(duì)鋼球表面缺陷進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。基于高斯分布假設(shè)，建立光纖傳感器球面檢測(cè)模型，根據(jù)幾何關(guān)系推導(dǎo)函數(shù)模型，用matlab對(duì)傳感器的內(nèi)徑/外徑、數(shù)值孔徑、軸間距進(jìn)行仿真，根據(jù)仿真曲線合理確定光纖傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。 分析設(shè)計(jì)鋼球表面缺陷檢測(cè)信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)，包括調(diào)制光源激勵(lì)電路，光電轉(zhuǎn)換模塊電路，前置差動(dòng)放大電路，無限增益帶通濾波電路，窗函數(shù)比較電路，有效實(shí)現(xiàn)缺陷特征信號(hào)的放大，噪聲干擾的濾除，提高了信噪比，完成缺陷特征信號(hào)的采集并送往上位機(jī)進(jìn)行處理。 制作傳感器，設(shè)計(jì)電路板，搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，設(shè)計(jì)光纖傳感器實(shí)驗(yàn)，，從原理上驗(yàn)證光纖傳感器能夠進(jìn)行鋼球表面缺陷檢測(cè)；進(jìn)行傳感器發(fā)射光纖出射光強(qiáng)分布研究，光強(qiáng)分布近似為高斯分布，充分說明假設(shè)是成立的，光纖傳感器球面檢測(cè)模型構(gòu)建準(zhǔn)確；安排光纖傳感器粗糙度測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明此光纖傳感器可以進(jìn)行粗糙度檢測(cè)；雙光束比較法測(cè)量位移實(shí)驗(yàn)，表明傳感器能夠有效分離粗糙度影響與位移缺陷影響。 通過研究，初步建立起一套鋼球表面缺陷多光纖檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)，為鋼球表面質(zhì)量檢測(cè)機(jī)的研制奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The steel ball is an important part of the rolling ball bearing. The quality of the steel ball plays a key role in the service life, accuracy and running performance of the bearing. In particular, that influence of the surface quality of the steel ball on the characteristic of the bearing is remarkable, the surface bearing capacity and the fatigue strength of the rotating part are influenced, and the requirements of the matching performance, the lubricating property and the wear resistance of the clearance fit part are very important. In the fault factor analysis of the ball bearing, the failure form due to the defect of the surface of the steel ball is as high as 70%, therefore, the key of improving the quality of the ball bearing is to detect the surface defects of the steel ball, and the surface quality of the steel ball is strictly controlled. There is an urgent need for a new technology in China to develop a steel ball surface quality detection instrument with domestic independent intellectual property rights, to improve the detection accuracy and accuracy, to reduce the equipment purchase cost and to reduce the dependence on foreign equipment. In this paper, the multi-fiber detection method for surface defects of steel ball is carried out under the support of a series of fund projects. This project is involved in the enterprise commissioned project, the Project of the Project of the University of Great Schools of Jinan (XBS0854), the National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project (201210427022), the Shandong Higher Education Plan Project (J10LD22) and the Scientific Research and Award Fund of the Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientists in Shandong Province (BS2010ZZ001). According to the rough surface scattering theory and the double-beam ratio measurement method, the optical fiber sensing technology is applied to the surface defect detection of the steel ball, and the bottleneck of low automation degree and low efficiency of the steel ball surface defect detection is broken, and a set of prices is developed, High-speed and high-efficiency steel ball surface defect detection device according to the surface defect standard of the steel ball, the defect parameters and the characteristics are analyzed, and the defect is classified as a displacement defect and a roughness defect, so that the defect characteristic of the optical fiber sensor can be realized, The optical fiber array model of the optical fiber sensor probe is analyzed to facilitate the extraction of the defect features on the surface of the steel ball, the fiber array of the sensor probe received by the three circles around the center is determined, the surface of the steel ball is not needed by the reflective light intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor, Based on the assumption of the Gaussian distribution, the spherical detection model of the optical fiber sensor is established, the function model is derived according to the geometric relation, the inner diameter/ outer diameter, the numerical aperture and the axial distance of the sensor are simulated by the matlab, and the optical fiber sensing is reasonably determined according to the simulation curve. An analysis and design steel ball surface defect detection signal processing system comprises a modulation light source excitation circuit, a photoelectric conversion module circuit, a front differential amplifier circuit, an infinite gain band-pass filter circuit and a window function comparison circuit, The noise interference is filtered out, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the acquisition of the defect characteristic signal is completed and sent to the upper computer is processed, a sensor is manufactured, a circuit board is designed, an experimental platform is built, an optical fiber sensor experiment is designed, the optical fiber sensor can be verified from the principle, the surface defect detection of the steel ball can be carried out, The distribution approximation is a Gaussian distribution, which fully shows that the assumption is that the spherical detection model of the optical fiber sensor is constructed accurately; the measurement experiment of the roughness of the optical fiber sensor is arranged; the experimental results show that the optical fiber sensor can carry out roughness detection; and the double light beam The displacement experiment is measured by the comparison method, which shows that the sensor can effectively separate the roughness. In this paper, a set of multi-fiber detection system for surface defects of steel ball is established, which is the surface of steel ball.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TG84
本文編號(hào)：2504194
[Abstract]:The steel ball is an important part of the rolling ball bearing. The quality of the steel ball plays a key role in the service life, accuracy and running performance of the bearing. In particular, that influence of the surface quality of the steel ball on the characteristic of the bearing is remarkable, the surface bearing capacity and the fatigue strength of the rotating part are influenced, and the requirements of the matching performance, the lubricating property and the wear resistance of the clearance fit part are very important. In the fault factor analysis of the ball bearing, the failure form due to the defect of the surface of the steel ball is as high as 70%, therefore, the key of improving the quality of the ball bearing is to detect the surface defects of the steel ball, and the surface quality of the steel ball is strictly controlled. There is an urgent need for a new technology in China to develop a steel ball surface quality detection instrument with domestic independent intellectual property rights, to improve the detection accuracy and accuracy, to reduce the equipment purchase cost and to reduce the dependence on foreign equipment. In this paper, the multi-fiber detection method for surface defects of steel ball is carried out under the support of a series of fund projects. This project is involved in the enterprise commissioned project, the Project of the Project of the University of Great Schools of Jinan (XBS0854), the National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project (201210427022), the Shandong Higher Education Plan Project (J10LD22) and the Scientific Research and Award Fund of the Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientists in Shandong Province (BS2010ZZ001). According to the rough surface scattering theory and the double-beam ratio measurement method, the optical fiber sensing technology is applied to the surface defect detection of the steel ball, and the bottleneck of low automation degree and low efficiency of the steel ball surface defect detection is broken, and a set of prices is developed, High-speed and high-efficiency steel ball surface defect detection device according to the surface defect standard of the steel ball, the defect parameters and the characteristics are analyzed, and the defect is classified as a displacement defect and a roughness defect, so that the defect characteristic of the optical fiber sensor can be realized, The optical fiber array model of the optical fiber sensor probe is analyzed to facilitate the extraction of the defect features on the surface of the steel ball, the fiber array of the sensor probe received by the three circles around the center is determined, the surface of the steel ball is not needed by the reflective light intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor, Based on the assumption of the Gaussian distribution, the spherical detection model of the optical fiber sensor is established, the function model is derived according to the geometric relation, the inner diameter/ outer diameter, the numerical aperture and the axial distance of the sensor are simulated by the matlab, and the optical fiber sensing is reasonably determined according to the simulation curve. An analysis and design steel ball surface defect detection signal processing system comprises a modulation light source excitation circuit, a photoelectric conversion module circuit, a front differential amplifier circuit, an infinite gain band-pass filter circuit and a window function comparison circuit, The noise interference is filtered out, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the acquisition of the defect characteristic signal is completed and sent to the upper computer is processed, a sensor is manufactured, a circuit board is designed, an experimental platform is built, an optical fiber sensor experiment is designed, the optical fiber sensor can be verified from the principle, the surface defect detection of the steel ball can be carried out, The distribution approximation is a Gaussian distribution, which fully shows that the assumption is that the spherical detection model of the optical fiber sensor is constructed accurately; the measurement experiment of the roughness of the optical fiber sensor is arranged; the experimental results show that the optical fiber sensor can carry out roughness detection; and the double light beam The displacement experiment is measured by the comparison method, which shows that the sensor can effectively separate the roughness. In this paper, a set of multi-fiber detection system for surface defects of steel ball is established, which is the surface of steel ball.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TG84
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