聚甲基丙烯酰亞胺泡沫塑料的制備、結(jié)構(gòu)及性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-02 00:49
【摘要】：隨著航天航空等特殊領(lǐng)域的快速發(fā)展，要求芯層材料具有更高的強(qiáng)度、剛度和耐熱性。而通用泡沫塑料（如PE、PP等）耐熱強(qiáng)度差，高溫形變使得夾層結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸穩(wěn)定性遭到破壞，不能滿足上述領(lǐng)域的使用要求。聚甲基丙烯酰亞胺（PMI）泡沫塑料作為新型高性能泡沫塑料之一，它所具有的強(qiáng)度和耐熱性是現(xiàn)有泡沫塑料中最高的。目前國內(nèi)在上述領(lǐng)域使用的PMI泡沫塑料主要是從德國進(jìn)口，價格昂貴。為了打破長期依賴進(jìn)口的局面，降低成本，研發(fā)具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的PMI泡沫塑料刻不容緩。 本文采用自由基預(yù)聚體法制備了PMI泡沫塑料。研究了配方中各組分對PMI泡沫塑料質(zhì)量的影響，確定了各組分的用量范圍和制備PMI泡沫塑料的基本配方。通過傅里葉轉(zhuǎn)變紅外光譜分析（FTIR）、差示掃描量熱法（DSC）和熱重分析（TG）對PMI泡沫塑料分子結(jié)構(gòu)熱轉(zhuǎn)變進(jìn)行了研究；利用掃描電鏡（SEM）和光學(xué)顯微鏡對PMI泡沫塑料泡孔的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了觀察；對PMI泡沫塑料的機(jī)械性能和熱性能進(jìn)行了測試；討論了發(fā)泡工藝和密度對PMI泡沫塑料分子結(jié)構(gòu)和性能的影響。 結(jié)果表明：通過丙烯腈（AN）58~50份、甲基丙烯酸（MAA）42~50份、偶氮二異丁腈（ABIN）0.25~0.45份、丙烯酰胺（AM）2份、甲酰胺2~8份、碳酰胺0.5份組成的配方能夠制備出質(zhì)量輕、性能較高的PMI泡沫塑料。在許可范圍內(nèi)，調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)泡劑用量和發(fā)泡溫度可制得密度不同的輕質(zhì)PMI泡沫塑料，且隨發(fā)泡劑用量和發(fā)泡溫度的提高密度減小。BMI可用作制備高密度PMI泡沫塑料的密度控制劑，密度隨BMI用量的增加而大幅度提高。少量交聯(lián)劑的加入可使PMI泡沫產(chǎn)生一定的交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，可有效提高PMI泡沫塑料的一些物理機(jī)械性能。碳酰胺具有良好的成核作用，能有效減小泡沫泡孔孔徑，使泡孔分布更均勻，可作為制備PMI泡沫塑料的成核劑。高溫發(fā)泡和熱處理過程中，PMI泡沫塑料的分子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了重大轉(zhuǎn)變，形成了一系列的環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)和交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。PMI泡沫塑料的閉孔率高達(dá)100%，各向同性，，具有優(yōu)異的機(jī)械性能、耐熱性能和成型加工性能，是夾層結(jié)構(gòu)選用的理想芯層材料。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of aerospace and other special fields, core materials are required to have higher strength, stiffness and heat resistance. However, the thermal strength of general foam (such as PE,PP, etc.) is poor, and the dimensional stability of sandwich structure is destroyed by high temperature deformation, which can not meet the requirements of the above fields. Polymethacrylic imide (PMI) foam, as one of the new high performance foams, has the highest strength and heat resistance among the existing foams. At present, the domestic use of PMI foam in the above fields is mainly imported from Germany, the price is expensive. In order to break the long-term dependence on imports and reduce costs, it is urgent to develop PMI foam with independent intellectual property rights. In this paper, PMI foam was prepared by free radical prepolymer method. The effect of each component on the quality of PMI foam was studied, and the dosage range of each component and the basic formula of preparing PMI foam were determined. The molecular structure and thermal transformation of PMI foam were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),) differential scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The microstructure of PMI foam was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope, and the mechanical and thermal properties of PMI foam were tested. The effects of foaming process and density on the molecular structure and properties of PMI foam were discussed. The results showed that there were 50 parts of (AN), 42 parts of (MAA), 0.25 parts of (ABIN), 2 parts of acrylamide (AM) and 8 parts of formamide. PMI foam with light weight and high performance can be prepared by 0.5 phr carbamide formula. Within the allowable range, lightweight PMI foams with different densities can be prepared by adjusting the amount of foaming agent and foaming temperature, and the density decreases with the increase of foaming agent dosage and foaming temperature. BMI can be used as a density control agent for the preparation of high density PMI foam. The density increased greatly with the increase of BMI dosage. The addition of a small amount of crosslinker can make PMI foam produce certain cross-linking structure, and can effectively improve some physical and mechanical properties of PMI foam. Carbamide has a good nucleation effect, can effectively reduce the pore size of foam pores, make the distribution of foam pores more uniform, and can be used as a nucleating agent for the preparation of PMI foam. During the process of high temperature foaming and heat treatment, the molecular structure of PMI foam has undergone a great change, forming a series of ring structure and cross-linking structure. The closed porosity of PMI foam is as high as 100%, isotropism, and has excellent mechanical properties. Heat resistance and molding performance are ideal core materials for sandwich structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TQ328.0
本文編號：2490703
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of aerospace and other special fields, core materials are required to have higher strength, stiffness and heat resistance. However, the thermal strength of general foam (such as PE,PP, etc.) is poor, and the dimensional stability of sandwich structure is destroyed by high temperature deformation, which can not meet the requirements of the above fields. Polymethacrylic imide (PMI) foam, as one of the new high performance foams, has the highest strength and heat resistance among the existing foams. At present, the domestic use of PMI foam in the above fields is mainly imported from Germany, the price is expensive. In order to break the long-term dependence on imports and reduce costs, it is urgent to develop PMI foam with independent intellectual property rights. In this paper, PMI foam was prepared by free radical prepolymer method. The effect of each component on the quality of PMI foam was studied, and the dosage range of each component and the basic formula of preparing PMI foam were determined. The molecular structure and thermal transformation of PMI foam were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),) differential scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The microstructure of PMI foam was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope, and the mechanical and thermal properties of PMI foam were tested. The effects of foaming process and density on the molecular structure and properties of PMI foam were discussed. The results showed that there were 50 parts of (AN), 42 parts of (MAA), 0.25 parts of (ABIN), 2 parts of acrylamide (AM) and 8 parts of formamide. PMI foam with light weight and high performance can be prepared by 0.5 phr carbamide formula. Within the allowable range, lightweight PMI foams with different densities can be prepared by adjusting the amount of foaming agent and foaming temperature, and the density decreases with the increase of foaming agent dosage and foaming temperature. BMI can be used as a density control agent for the preparation of high density PMI foam. The density increased greatly with the increase of BMI dosage. The addition of a small amount of crosslinker can make PMI foam produce certain cross-linking structure, and can effectively improve some physical and mechanical properties of PMI foam. Carbamide has a good nucleation effect, can effectively reduce the pore size of foam pores, make the distribution of foam pores more uniform, and can be used as a nucleating agent for the preparation of PMI foam. During the process of high temperature foaming and heat treatment, the molecular structure of PMI foam has undergone a great change, forming a series of ring structure and cross-linking structure. The closed porosity of PMI foam is as high as 100%, isotropism, and has excellent mechanical properties. Heat resistance and molding performance are ideal core materials for sandwich structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TQ328.0
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