【摘要】：種質(zhì)是甘蔗雜交育種的基礎,對甘蔗分子遺傳多樣性所進行的研究,可為甘蔗標記輔助育種提供基礎數(shù)據(jù),而栽培品種的分子遺傳多樣性研究,對甘蔗品種多系布局有一定的指導作用。同時,基于SSR位點的熒光標記獲得的甘蔗種質(zhì)資源分子指紋數(shù)據(jù),所構(gòu)建的一個標準化的甘蔗指紋圖譜基礎數(shù)據(jù)庫,為甘蔗品種鑒定及知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護,提供科學依據(jù)和可靠保障,還可為未來行業(yè)標準——甘蔗分子標記DUS指南的制定奠定基礎。 (1)本研究在對SSR位點進行多態(tài)性篩選的基礎上,采用15個SSR熒光標記位點,對181份甘蔗種質(zhì)進行檢測,共擴增出206條條帶,其中多態(tài)性條帶為205條,每個SSR位點可檢測出13.67條多態(tài)性條帶,擴增產(chǎn)物的多態(tài)性比率平均為99.39%,表明用于本研究的15個SSR位點多態(tài)性好。 (2)基于育種單位的不同,把181份供試甘蔗種質(zhì)分為湛蔗、CP、桂糖、粵糖、崖城、云蔗、福農(nóng)、內(nèi)江、HoCP、ROC、柳城、贛南、閩糖和其他等14個群體,并對上述14個甘蔗群體的遺傳多樣性進行分析。其中崖城系列的遺傳多樣性指數(shù)(h=0.2049)和香農(nóng)信息指數(shù)(I=0.3163)都是最高的,贛南系列和ROC系列都較低,表明在這14個群體中,崖城系列的遺傳多樣性最豐富。群體總遺傳多樣性(Ht)為0.2070,群體內(nèi)遺傳多樣性(Hs)為0.1786,而從供試材料的遺傳分化系數(shù)值(Gst--0.1371)和基因流值(Nm=3.148)來看,本研究所用的181份種質(zhì)其遺傳分化小,導致其群體結(jié)構(gòu)變化的主要因素為人為選擇。 (3)基于NTSYS軟件分析,得到181份甘蔗種質(zhì)的遺傳相似系數(shù)值,,它們分布在0.6553-0.9951之間,平均為0.7713,表明其遺傳多樣性屬于中等水平。基于遺傳相似系數(shù)的聚類分析,181份甘蔗種質(zhì)可分成3個類群,7個亞類群和13個小類群,在此基礎上,再對181份甘蔗種質(zhì)進行主成分分析,結(jié)果表明他們的遺傳多樣性屬于中等水平；對國家甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系第一輪進行共同評價的63個組合所涉及的23個親本的聚類和主成分分析可以看出,來自同一育種單位的親本,遺傳組成較為一致；對26個參加國家甘蔗品種區(qū)域試驗的新品種(系)的分析結(jié)果可知,整體分布較為分散,表明他們之間的遺傳多樣性較為豐富。 (4)我們基于15個SSR位點熒光標記分析數(shù)據(jù),成功構(gòu)建了179份甘蔗種質(zhì)的DNA分子指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫,除了桂糖00-122和桂糖92-66外,其余179份甘蔗種質(zhì)均能被完全區(qū)別開。目前,該數(shù)據(jù)庫是甘蔗上第一個指紋數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng),而其他國家只建立一些未系統(tǒng)化的分子數(shù)據(jù)集,并且已能通過模塊搜索,實現(xiàn)甘蔗基因型的判別功能。
[Abstract]:The study of molecular genetic diversity of sugarcane can provide basic data for sugarcane marker-assisted breeding, while the molecular genetic diversity of cultivated varieties can be studied. It can guide the multi-line layout of sugarcane varieties to a certain extent. At the same time, a standardized basic database of sugarcane fingerprinting was constructed based on the molecular fingerprint data obtained by fluorescence markers of SSR loci, which was used for the identification of sugarcane varieties and the protection of intellectual property rights. To provide scientific basis and reliable guarantee can also lay a foundation for the future industry standard-Sugarcane Molecular Marker DUS Guide. The main results were as follows: (1) on the basis of polymorphism screening of SSR loci, 15 SSR fluorescent markers were used to detect 181sugarcane germline, and a total of 206bands were amplified, of which 205bands were polymorphic. 13.67 polymorphism bands could be detected at each SSR locus, and the average polymorphism rate of the amplified products was 99.39%, indicating that the 15 SSR loci used in this study had good polymorphism. (2) according to the different breeding units, 181 sugarcane germies were divided into 14 populations, such as Zhancane, CP, Gui Sugar, Guangdong Sugar, Yacheng, Yunzhe Sugarcane, Funong, Neijiang, HoCP,ROC, Liucheng, Gannan, Min Sugar and others. The genetic diversity of the above 14 sugarcane populations was analyzed. The genetic diversity index (h 鈮，

本文編號：2488320