【摘要】：轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的安全性問(wèn)題一直是轉(zhuǎn)基因食品推廣的一大障礙,轉(zhuǎn)基因作物在諸多方面需要進(jìn)行安全性檢測(cè)。轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的長(zhǎng)期種植,外源基因所表達(dá)的蛋白可通過(guò)玉米籽粒及秸稈進(jìn)入食物鏈并積累和富集。2010年,中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院獨(dú)立研發(fā)出擁有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的糧食作物轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶基因玉米,有著提高飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)利用率、減少磷污染、降低生產(chǎn)成本等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外尚未有轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米對(duì)相關(guān)昆蟲生物學(xué)影響的報(bào)道。本研究以喂食其親本蠡玉35和常規(guī)玉米品種鄭單958為對(duì)照,從生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、生化反應(yīng)、腸道微生物多樣性三個(gè)方面的指標(biāo)研究了轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米的種植對(duì)家蠶和玉米螟兩種昆蟲生物學(xué)的影響。這充實(shí)了轉(zhuǎn)基因植物生態(tài)安全方面的理論研究,同時(shí)也可以為轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶基因玉米的合理種植提供依據(jù),具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。研究結(jié)果如下： (1)轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米10TPY005花粉、非轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶親本玉米花粉飼喂家蠶3個(gè)齡期,分別從家蠶生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育(包括存活率、體重、食物利用率)和生化反應(yīng)(包括體內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)含量、三種解毒酶活性和兩種保護(hù)酶活性)及其腸道微生物多樣性分析三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行指標(biāo)測(cè)定,從而研究轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米的種植對(duì)昆蟲家蠶機(jī)體的影響。結(jié)果表明：轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米花粉喂食的家蠶與親本玉米花粉喂食和空白對(duì)照兩組家蠶相比,上述各指標(biāo)總體無(wú)顯著性差異。即轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米對(duì)家蠶體內(nèi)正常的生理活動(dòng)和生化反應(yīng)未造成明顯傷害。 (2)以轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米10TPY005、其親本玉米蠡玉35、非轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米鄭單958的玉米粒飼喂亞洲玉米螟3代,并從其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育(包括存活率、體重)和生化反應(yīng)(包括體內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)含量、三種解毒酶活性和兩種保護(hù)酶活性)及其腸道微生物多樣性分析三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行指標(biāo)測(cè)定,從而研究轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米的種植對(duì)玉米靶標(biāo)害蟲亞洲玉米螟機(jī)體的影響。結(jié)果表明：食用轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米粒的玉米螟與食用親本玉米粒和非轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米粒的兩組玉米螟相比,上述指標(biāo)均無(wú)顯著性差異。即轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米對(duì)玉米螟體內(nèi)正常的生理生化指標(biāo)及腸道微生物多樣性未顯著影響。 (3)大田實(shí)驗(yàn)中,采用對(duì)角線5點(diǎn)取樣,分別調(diào)查轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米、蠡玉35玉米和鄭單958玉米剖稈后其靶標(biāo)害蟲亞洲玉米螟,包括每株玉米植株的蛀孔數(shù)和玉米螟數(shù)量,收集秸稈內(nèi)的玉米螟并同樣進(jìn)行生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、生理生化及腸道菌群多樣性指標(biāo)測(cè)定,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明轉(zhuǎn)植酸酶玉米對(duì)大田中玉米螟的上述指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著性影響。
[Abstract]:The safety of genetically modified food has always been a major obstacle to the promotion of genetically modified food. Genetically modified crops need to be tested in many aspects. In the long-term cultivation of transgenic crops, the proteins expressed by foreign genes can enter the food chain through corn grains and straw and accumulate and enrich them. In 2010, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has independently developed a grain crop transgenic corn with independent intellectual property rights, which has many advantages, such as improving feed nutrition efficiency, reducing phosphorus pollution, reducing production cost and so on. At present, there are no reports on the biological effects of transphylase corn on related insects at home and abroad. In this study, the parent Liyu 35 and the conventional corn variety Zheng Dan 958 were fed as the control, from the growth and development, biochemical reaction, The effects of transphylase corn planting on the biology of silkworm and corn borer were studied in three aspects of intestinal microbial diversity. This enriches the theoretical research on ecological security of transgenic plants, and can also provide the basis for the rational planting of transgenic corn with phytase gene, which has important theoretical and practical significance. The results were as follows: (1) 10TPY005 pollen of transgenic phytase corn and non-transphytase parent corn pollen were fed to silkworm for three ages, respectively, from the growth and development of silkworm (including survival rate, body weight, etc.) Food utilization rate) and biochemical reactions (including protein content in vivo, three detoxification enzyme activities and two protective enzyme activities) and their intestinal microbial diversity analysis were measured. In order to study the effect of transphylase corn planting on insect silkworm (Bombyx mori). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the above indexes between the transgenic silkworm fed with phytase corn pollen and the parent corn pollen feeding group and the blank control group. That is to say, transphytase corn did not cause obvious damage to normal physiological activity and biochemical reaction of Bombyx mori. (2) the corn kernels of transgenic phytase corn 10TPY005, its parent corn Liyu 35 and non-transgenic corn Zhengdan 958 were fed to Asian corn borer for 3 generations, and their growth and development (including survival rate, body weight) and biochemical reaction (including protein content in body) were fed. The activities of three detoxification enzymes and two protective enzymes) and their intestinal microbial diversity were determined in order to study the effect of transphylase corn planting on the body of Asian corn borer, a corn target pest. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the above indexes between the corn borer and the parent corn kernel and the non-transgenic corn borer group. That is to say, transphytase corn had no significant effect on normal physiological and biochemical indexes and intestinal microbial diversity in corn borer. (3) in the field experiment, 5 diagonal sampling was used to investigate the target pests of Asian corn borer, including the number of borer holes and the number of corn borer per plant, after cutting out the culm of transgenic phytase corn, Liyu 35 corn and Zhengdan 958 corn, respectively. the results showed that the rice borer was the target pest of Asian corn borer, including the number of borer holes and the number of corn borer per plant. The growth and development, physiology, biochemistry and intestinal flora diversity of corn borer in straw were also measured. The results showed that transphylase corn had no significant effect on the above indexes of corn borer in the field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：S513

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