【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)知識的創(chuàng)造是一個漸進性、漫長而又不間斷的過程,是傳統(tǒng)部族或傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)通過世代相傳的方式創(chuàng)造并累積出來的智力成果,具有重大的經(jīng)濟、社會和文化價值。傳統(tǒng)知識是人類文明社會的重要組成部分,并在許多國家特別是包括中國、印度等在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國家已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)發(fā)揮其重要作用。 隨著傳統(tǒng)知識的價值被人們認識、挖掘和開發(fā)利用的不斷擴大化,使得傳統(tǒng)知識保護成為國際普遍關注的問題。由于傳統(tǒng)知識產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展歷史悠久,權利主體不甚明確,并且多數(shù)呈公開的狀態(tài),從而導致其因不符合現(xiàn)行知識產(chǎn)權制度保護對象的要件,無法通過現(xiàn)行知識產(chǎn)權制度來加以保護。 本文通過結合傳統(tǒng)知識開發(fā)利用的國際國內(nèi)保護現(xiàn)狀及問題,借鑒吸收一些發(fā)展中國家的成功經(jīng)驗和制度,在與國家法律體系制度相融合的基礎上提出傳統(tǒng)知識知識產(chǎn)權制度的完善建議。因此,針對當前國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀,研究傳統(tǒng)知識的法律保護具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義和法律意義。 本文由四個主要部分組成。 第一部分,主要介紹了知識產(chǎn)權保護傳統(tǒng)知識的背景和意義；概括綜述了國內(nèi)外傳統(tǒng)知識法律保護研究狀況；介紹了本文的研究內(nèi)容和主要研究方法；介紹了本文的創(chuàng)新點及不足。 第二部分,對傳統(tǒng)知識的定義由來進行了概述,并通過比較引出本文的傳統(tǒng)知識定義；通過與現(xiàn)代知識對比的方式,介紹并分析傳統(tǒng)知識所獨有的特征；從經(jīng)濟、文化和社會方面介紹了傳統(tǒng)知識開發(fā)利用的價值；概括羅列了當前國際和國內(nèi)對傳統(tǒng)知識保護的法律規(guī)定。 第三部分,介紹分析了傳統(tǒng)知識開發(fā)利用過程中引發(fā)的一系列法律問題：傳統(tǒng)知識的過度開發(fā)利用、傳統(tǒng)知識不正當占有和不公平利用、傳統(tǒng)知識的利益分配不公、傳統(tǒng)知識權利主體模糊與缺位及權利客體范圍不明確。針對這些問題從現(xiàn)實問題和法律困境方面進行剖析,結合當前國內(nèi)法律和制度保護的相關規(guī)定,反思制度的不規(guī)范和不合理之處,找出傳統(tǒng)知識法律和制度層面的不足和漏洞,以期找到問題產(chǎn)生的根本所在。 第四部分,通過針對上述問題的分析,提出以下完善建議：傳統(tǒng)知識開發(fā)利用的制度設計、傳統(tǒng)知識的保護與創(chuàng)新發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)進行、建立以利益平衡原則為基礎的利益分享機制、確定權利主體及權利客體性質(zhì)及范圍,進而健全傳統(tǒng)知識保護機制。
[Abstract]:The creation of traditional knowledge is a gradual, long and uninterrupted process. It is an intellectual achievement created and accumulated by traditional tribes or communities from generation to generation. It has great economic, social and cultural values. Traditional knowledge is an important part of human civilization, and it has played and will continue to play an important role in many countries, especially in developing countries, such as China, India and so on. As the value of traditional knowledge is recognized by people, and the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge is continuously expanded, the protection of traditional knowledge has become an issue of common concern in the world. Due to the long history of the generation and development of traditional knowledge, the lack of clarity in the subject of rights, and the fact that most of them are public, which leads to their non-conformity with the requirements of the object of protection of the current intellectual property rights system, It cannot be protected through the existing intellectual property system. Based on the current situation and problems of the international and domestic protection of the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge, this paper draws lessons from the successful experiences and systems of some developing countries, On the basis of the integration with the national legal system, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the traditional intellectual property system. Therefore, in view of the current situation at home and abroad, studying the legal protection of traditional knowledge has important practical and legal significance. This paper consists of four main parts. The first part mainly introduces the background and significance of intellectual property rights protection of traditional knowledge, summarizes the research situation of legal protection of traditional knowledge at home and abroad, introduces the research contents and main research methods of this paper. The innovation and deficiency of this paper are introduced. The second part summarizes the origin of the definition of traditional knowledge, and draws out the definition of traditional knowledge by comparing with modern knowledge, introduces and analyzes the unique characteristics of traditional knowledge, and introduces and analyzes the characteristics of traditional knowledge by comparing with modern knowledge. This paper introduces the value of the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge from the aspects of economy, culture and society, and outlines the current international and domestic laws and regulations on the protection of traditional knowledge. The third part introduces and analyzes a series of legal problems caused by the exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge: excessive exploitation and utilization of traditional knowledge, improper possession and unfair use of traditional knowledge, unfair distribution of benefits of traditional knowledge, The subject of the right of traditional knowledge is ambiguous and the scope of the object of the right is not clear. In view of these problems, this paper analyzes the practical problems and legal dilemmas, combined with the relevant provisions of current domestic laws and systems protection, reconsiders the irregularity and irrationality of the system, and finds out the shortcomings and loopholes in the legal and institutional aspects of traditional knowledge, In order to find the root of the problem. The fourth part, through the analysis of the above problems, puts forward the following suggestions: the system design of the development and utilization of traditional knowledge, the coordination between the protection of traditional knowledge and the development of innovation, and the establishment of a benefit-sharing mechanism based on the principle of balance of interests. Determine the nature and scope of the subject and object of the right, and then perfect the protection mechanism of traditional knowledge.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4

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