我國農(nóng)業(yè)植物新品種推廣保障制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-19 11:36
【摘要】：我國是一個人口大國,人均耕地和資源占有都低于世界平均水平,保障我國糧食供應安全是非常現(xiàn)實和嚴峻的問題。伴隨著改革開放的深入和現(xiàn)代化建設的不斷推進,中共中央政府提出了新型城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展,并提出把農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新作為解決農(nóng)業(yè)問題的根本途徑。農(nóng)業(yè)是第一產(chǎn)業(yè),同時也是國民經(jīng)濟的基礎,只有農(nóng)業(yè)作為保證才能最終實現(xiàn)國民經(jīng)濟健康發(fā)展和人民生活水平的真正改善和提高。解決農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)民問題不僅需要國家加大資金投入,出臺優(yōu)惠政策,而且需要加強新技術、新品種的推廣應用,完善我國農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新和創(chuàng)新應用的渠道。本研究為應用型研究,注重實踐性和應用性,通過實踐調(diào)查獲取第一手資料,了解我國新品種推廣銷售情況以及農(nóng)民對新品種、新技術的使用情況和存在的問題。 本研究首先是從新品種、新品種推廣和新品種權和品種審定的區(qū)別等基本概念入手,厘清我國農(nóng)業(yè)植物新品種從實驗室走出來之后如何通過國家審定,然后走向市場,走進農(nóng)民的土地里。農(nóng)業(yè)植物新品種推廣保護必定會涉及農(nóng)業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權的保護,這是保護農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)和育種者權益最為重要的途徑,因此,本文會著重講述品種權在新品種推廣銷售過程會遇到哪些問題,分析問題,提出解決的對策,這是本文重點之一。推進新技術、新品種的推廣應用關系到我國農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的實現(xiàn),國家必然十分重視,但是目前我國的新品種應用情況并不理想,很多優(yōu)良的新品種沒有得到很好的推廣應用,沒有起到應有的作用,農(nóng)民不知道如何選擇種植品種,依據(jù)已有的經(jīng)驗進行選擇,一般都會選擇已經(jīng)種植過的品種。根據(jù)創(chuàng)新采用理論,農(nóng)業(yè)大戶的示范作用對周邊的農(nóng)民的影響最大,對新品種的快速有效推廣作用明顯,但是我國的農(nóng)業(yè)示范區(qū)建設沒有起到應有的作用,他們往往遠離農(nóng)民,與當?shù)剞r(nóng)民沒有互動和交流,不能有效帶動農(nóng)民選擇種植的方式和種植的品種。國家對農(nóng)業(yè)領域的投入越來越多,對農(nóng)民種糧進行直接補貼,從一定程度上來說,提高了農(nóng)民種糧的積極性,但是我國的農(nóng)業(yè)補貼結構還存在一些問題,如種糧補貼,現(xiàn)在國家基本上實現(xiàn)了對主要糧食的覆蓋,按照種植的面積算種,然后給予補貼,國家的資金使用過于追求平均,不能起到對農(nóng)民購種選種的指引性作用。由于本文研究的是新品種推廣制度保障,因此主要是從政府的角度提出問題,進行分析和解構,并從政府的角度提出對策和建議,從而為我國農(nóng)業(yè)植物新品種的推廣銷售提供有效有保障,促進優(yōu)良的農(nóng)業(yè)植物新品種能夠得到更好的推廣應用。
[Abstract]:China is a large country with a large population. The per capita occupation of cultivated land and resources is lower than the world average. It is a very realistic and severe problem to ensure the security of food supply in China. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous advancement of modernization, the CPC Central Committee government has proposed a new type of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, and coordinated the development of urban and rural integration. And put forward agricultural science and technology innovation as a fundamental way to solve agricultural problems. Agriculture is not only the primary industry but also the foundation of the national economy. Only agriculture as the guarantee can finally realize the healthy development of the national economy and the real improvement of the people's living standard. To solve the problems in rural areas, agriculture and farmers not only need the state to increase capital input and issue preferential policies, but also need to strengthen the popularization and application of new technologies and varieties, and improve the channels for agricultural scientific and technological innovation and application in China. This study is an applied study, focusing on practice and application, obtaining first-hand information through practical investigation, understanding the marketing situation of new varieties in China and the use of new varieties and new technologies by farmers and the existing problems. This research begins with the basic concepts of new variety, new variety extension, new variety right and variety validation, and clarifies how the new agricultural plant varieties in China pass the national examination and approval after coming out of the laboratory, and then go to the market. Walk into the peasants' land. The protection of new agricultural plant varieties is bound to involve the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights, which is the most important way to protect the rights and interests of agricultural enterprises and breeders. This article will focus on the variety rights in the new variety promotion and sales process will meet with what problems, analysis of the problems, put forward solutions, this is one of the key points of this paper. The promotion of new technology and the popularization and application of new varieties are related to the realization of agricultural modernization in China. The state must attach great importance to them. But at present, the application of new varieties in our country is not ideal, and many excellent new varieties have not been well popularized and applied. Farmers do not know how to choose varieties, according to the existing experience to choose, generally will choose the varieties that have been planted. According to the theory of innovation and adoption, the demonstration role of large agricultural households has the greatest impact on the surrounding farmers, and has obvious effect on the rapid and effective extension of new varieties. However, the construction of agricultural demonstration zones in China has not played its due role, and they are often far away from farmers. There is no interaction and communication with local farmers, which can not effectively lead farmers to choose planting methods and varieties. The state has been investing more and more in the field of agriculture. To a certain extent, direct subsidies to farmers to grow grain have increased the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain. However, there are still some problems in the structure of agricultural subsidies in our country, such as grain planting subsidies. Now the country has basically realized the coverage to the main grain, calculates the seed according to the planting area, then gives the subsidy, the country's fund use is too pursue the average, cannot play the guiding role to the farmer to purchase the seed and the seed. Because this article studies the new variety extension system safeguard, therefore mainly from the government angle puts forward the question, carries on the analysis and the deconstruction, and from the government angle puts forward the countermeasure and the suggestion, Thus, it can provide effective protection for the promotion and sale of new agricultural plant varieties in China, and promote the better extension and application of new agricultural plant varieties.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F323.3
本文編號：2411338
[Abstract]:China is a large country with a large population. The per capita occupation of cultivated land and resources is lower than the world average. It is a very realistic and severe problem to ensure the security of food supply in China. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous advancement of modernization, the CPC Central Committee government has proposed a new type of urbanization, industrialization and agricultural modernization, and coordinated the development of urban and rural integration. And put forward agricultural science and technology innovation as a fundamental way to solve agricultural problems. Agriculture is not only the primary industry but also the foundation of the national economy. Only agriculture as the guarantee can finally realize the healthy development of the national economy and the real improvement of the people's living standard. To solve the problems in rural areas, agriculture and farmers not only need the state to increase capital input and issue preferential policies, but also need to strengthen the popularization and application of new technologies and varieties, and improve the channels for agricultural scientific and technological innovation and application in China. This study is an applied study, focusing on practice and application, obtaining first-hand information through practical investigation, understanding the marketing situation of new varieties in China and the use of new varieties and new technologies by farmers and the existing problems. This research begins with the basic concepts of new variety, new variety extension, new variety right and variety validation, and clarifies how the new agricultural plant varieties in China pass the national examination and approval after coming out of the laboratory, and then go to the market. Walk into the peasants' land. The protection of new agricultural plant varieties is bound to involve the protection of agricultural intellectual property rights, which is the most important way to protect the rights and interests of agricultural enterprises and breeders. This article will focus on the variety rights in the new variety promotion and sales process will meet with what problems, analysis of the problems, put forward solutions, this is one of the key points of this paper. The promotion of new technology and the popularization and application of new varieties are related to the realization of agricultural modernization in China. The state must attach great importance to them. But at present, the application of new varieties in our country is not ideal, and many excellent new varieties have not been well popularized and applied. Farmers do not know how to choose varieties, according to the existing experience to choose, generally will choose the varieties that have been planted. According to the theory of innovation and adoption, the demonstration role of large agricultural households has the greatest impact on the surrounding farmers, and has obvious effect on the rapid and effective extension of new varieties. However, the construction of agricultural demonstration zones in China has not played its due role, and they are often far away from farmers. There is no interaction and communication with local farmers, which can not effectively lead farmers to choose planting methods and varieties. The state has been investing more and more in the field of agriculture. To a certain extent, direct subsidies to farmers to grow grain have increased the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain. However, there are still some problems in the structure of agricultural subsidies in our country, such as grain planting subsidies. Now the country has basically realized the coverage to the main grain, calculates the seed according to the planting area, then gives the subsidy, the country's fund use is too pursue the average, cannot play the guiding role to the farmer to purchase the seed and the seed. Because this article studies the new variety extension system safeguard, therefore mainly from the government angle puts forward the question, carries on the analysis and the deconstruction, and from the government angle puts forward the countermeasure and the suggestion, Thus, it can provide effective protection for the promotion and sale of new agricultural plant varieties in China, and promote the better extension and application of new agricultural plant varieties.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F323.3
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