【摘要】：由于中國制造業(yè)的發(fā)展和對美國貿(mào)易數(shù)量和品種的不斷增長，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)在中美貿(mào)易中的地位日漸突出，中美企業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)爭端愈演愈烈，并呈上升趨勢。為了抑制中國不斷增強(qiáng)的貿(mào)易競爭力和提高美國本土產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，美國國際貿(mào)易委員會（ITC）近年來頻繁對中國企業(yè)發(fā)起“337”調(diào)查。“337”條款是美國政府提供給知識產(chǎn)權(quán)人的一種快速方式的法律程序和機(jī)制，依據(jù)“337”條款審判不但審理時間短、認(rèn)定條件簡單、應(yīng)訴費(fèi)用高昂而且措施嚴(yán)厲，殺傷力很大�！�337”條款的法律程序和特點(diǎn)決定了其對中國出口企業(yè)有著重要影響。 從1986年到2012年，美國（ITC）對中國企業(yè)共發(fā)起了147起“337”調(diào)查。最近幾年,“337”調(diào)查案件日趨增多。中國企業(yè)遭受“337”調(diào)查的主要類型有專利侵權(quán)、商標(biāo)侵權(quán)和其它知識產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)，其中，專利侵權(quán)案占絕大多數(shù)。從地域分布來看，主要集中于沿海地帶和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的省市。當(dāng)前，中國大陸企業(yè)已經(jīng)成為“337”調(diào)查的最大受害者，取代臺灣地區(qū)成為主要調(diào)查對象。這主要是由于美國自身政治原因、中美貿(mào)易之間的不平衡、美國為保持競爭優(yōu)勢和中國企業(yè)自身原因決定的。這項(xiàng)調(diào)查已經(jīng)成為中國企業(yè)進(jìn)入美國市場的重大非關(guān)稅壁壘和決定產(chǎn)業(yè)國際競爭力的關(guān)鍵性要素。 中國企業(yè)應(yīng)該積極應(yīng)對美國（ITC）的“337”調(diào)查，不僅要增強(qiáng)自身的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)意識，而且面對“337”調(diào)查也應(yīng)該積極應(yīng)訴和抗辯，尋找對策來維護(hù)企業(yè)的正當(dāng)權(quán)益。此外，中國企業(yè)也可以積極與美國企業(yè)進(jìn)行協(xié)商解決，減少訴訟成本。與此同時，要加強(qiáng)研發(fā)自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)技術(shù)，以提升知識產(chǎn)權(quán)管理能力，強(qiáng)化自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力，維護(hù)自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。最后，加強(qiáng)高校和企業(yè)的協(xié)同創(chuàng)新，培養(yǎng)一批知識產(chǎn)權(quán)專業(yè)化人才，也是十分必要的。只有不斷地積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，發(fā)展真正屬于我們的核心知識產(chǎn)權(quán)技術(shù)，并建立完善的企業(yè)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略，才能壯大我們的民族企業(yè)，，迎來嶄新的春天。
[Abstract]:Due to the development of Chinese manufacturing industry and the increasing quantity and variety of trade with the United States, the status of intellectual property protection in Sino-US trade is becoming more and more prominent, and the intellectual property disputes between Chinese and American enterprises are becoming more and more serious and on the rise. In order to curb China's growing trade competitiveness and enhance the development of American local industries, The US International Trade Commission (ITC) has frequently initiated "337" investigations into Chinese enterprises in recent years. "Section 337" is a rapid legal procedure and mechanism provided by the United States Government to IPR holders. According to "337" clause, the trial not only has short trial time, but also has simple conditions, high cost of responding to suit, severe measures and great killing power. The legal procedure and characteristics of "337" clause determine that it has an important influence on Chinese export enterprises. From 1986 to 2012, US (ITC) launched 147 "337" investigations into Chinese enterprises. In recent years, 337 investigation cases are increasing. Patent infringement, trademark infringement and other intellectual property infringement are the main types of Chinese enterprises investigated by 337, of which patent infringement cases account for the majority. From the geographical distribution, mainly concentrated in coastal areas and industrial developed provinces and cities. At present, Chinese enterprises have become the biggest victims of 337 investigation, replacing Taiwan as the main object of investigation. This is mainly due to the political reasons of the United States itself, the imbalance between China and the United States trade, the United States to maintain its competitive advantage and the reasons of Chinese enterprises themselves. The survey has become a major non-tariff barrier for Chinese companies to enter the U.S. market and a key factor in determining the international competitiveness of industries. Chinese enterprises should actively respond to the "337" investigation of the United States (ITC), not only to enhance their own awareness of intellectual property protection, but also to actively respond to and defend the "337" investigation in order to find countermeasures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprises. In addition, Chinese enterprises can also actively negotiate with American enterprises to reduce litigation costs. At the same time, we should strengthen the research and development of independent intellectual property technology in order to enhance intellectual property management ability, strengthen the international competitiveness of independent intellectual property products, and safeguard independent intellectual property rights. Finally, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperative innovation between universities and enterprises and train a group of intellectual property professionals. Only by constantly accumulating experience, developing the core intellectual property technology that really belongs to us, and establishing a perfect enterprise intellectual property strategy, can we strengthen our national enterprises and usher in a new spring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4

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