【摘要】：21世紀(jì)以知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮為特征，知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的來臨，意味著利用無形財(cái)產(chǎn)來為融資提供擔(dān)保的必要性日益增加；知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的到來，意味著知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押在今后相當(dāng)長一段時(shí)期內(nèi)成為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)運(yùn)用的風(fēng)向標(biāo)。我國企業(yè)尤其是科技型中小企業(yè)是目前最有發(fā)展?jié)摿蛣?chuàng)新活力的群體，在建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家的戰(zhàn)略中有著舉足輕重的地位，，但由于投資科技型中小企業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大，致使其貸款融資難成為一個(gè)全球性并備受關(guān)注的問題。 在我國發(fā)展知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度對(duì)構(gòu)建和發(fā)展社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)具有十分重要的意義。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度不僅充分實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物的財(cái)產(chǎn)性價(jià)值，更有利于豐富我國的融資模式，改善融資結(jié)構(gòu)，降低金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為科技中小型企業(yè)的發(fā)展增添了一道曙光。我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度雖然發(fā)展緩慢，但是主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)國外的先進(jìn)模式和政策、積極出臺(tái)相關(guān)制度、努力探求相應(yīng)機(jī)制使得我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度取得了一些成功。 文章在進(jìn)行知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押一般問題的界定基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用案例分析法、比較研究法和經(jīng)濟(jì)分析法對(duì)該制度進(jìn)行闡述。在學(xué)習(xí)國外知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度的過程中，指出我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度的立法現(xiàn)狀和缺陷，并積極開展我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度理論和實(shí)踐的建設(shè)。文章除引言外，主體共分四個(gè)部分。 第一部分從知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押這一概念界定出發(fā)，闡述了與之相關(guān)的概念，并從主體——知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)出質(zhì)人和質(zhì)權(quán)人，客體——知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物，及內(nèi)容出發(fā)解釋知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的概念。具體闡述了知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物的特點(diǎn)和類型，并就知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行說明。本部分結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中科技型中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r闡述了知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押應(yīng)用的重要性，不僅有利于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物財(cái)產(chǎn)性價(jià)值的充分發(fā)揮，更有利于解決科技型中小企業(yè)融資難的問題。 第二部分講述了大陸法系和英美法系國家的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度以及制度的比較和借鑒。列舉了如美國、日本、德國等國家的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押融資模式和發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。從這些發(fā)達(dá)國家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度的發(fā)展情況中可以看出，這些國家都非常重視知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押在本國的運(yùn)用。與此同時(shí)，這些國家試圖通過各種途徑竭力保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度，以便其健康的發(fā)展。例如日本通過“政策投資銀行”，強(qiáng)調(diào)政府和政策在整個(gè)融資體系中的主導(dǎo)地位；德國則通過各機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)合分擔(dān)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來完善和發(fā)展知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度。我國通過對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國家質(zhì)押方式的學(xué)習(xí)，正在努力完善符合我國國情的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度：逐漸重視政府在質(zhì)押過程中的作用，建立知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易平臺(tái)等。 第三部分主要論述了我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度立法的概況、沿革和現(xiàn)狀。了解到我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度發(fā)展起步晚、發(fā)展的并不完善以及諸多方面存在的不足。通過對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度實(shí)體內(nèi)容和程序內(nèi)容的研究，得知我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度在登記方面、評(píng)估制度方面、標(biāo)的物的選擇等實(shí)體和內(nèi)容方面都存在缺陷：比如我國評(píng)估制度不完善、登記機(jī)構(gòu)不統(tǒng)一、質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物變現(xiàn)難、出質(zhì)人權(quán)利過于限制等。并且闡述了我國知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度間的矛盾與沖突。 第四部分是文章的重點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)所在。本部分對(duì)應(yīng)著知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度的缺陷進(jìn)行了三部分的完善，并對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押制度的沖突問題加以解決。第一小部分是針對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)實(shí)體內(nèi)容的問題闡述的，主要解決知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押標(biāo)的物的選擇和評(píng)估制度的完善；第二小部分是針對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押登記制度的完善：統(tǒng)一登記機(jī)構(gòu)，充實(shí)登記制度，完善登記規(guī)則；第三小部分解決了知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押過程中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范問題。針對(duì)我國目前出現(xiàn)的質(zhì)押風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題，我國可以采取構(gòu)建風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制，通過各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)來共同分散知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押過程中可能發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；也可以加強(qiáng)銀行的審查能力，給銀行更多的自主權(quán)，讓銀行學(xué)會(huì)科學(xué)判斷發(fā)放質(zhì)押貸款的門檻；同理，我國還能通過完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)質(zhì)押的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做到積極有效應(yīng)對(duì)。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is characterized by the prosperity of knowledge economy and the coming of knowledge economy and society, which means that the necessity of using intangible property to provide guarantee for financing is increasing, and the arrival of knowledge economy and society. It means that the pledge of intellectual property will become the wind-oriented mark of the application of intellectual property in a period of considerable length. Small and medium-sized enterprises in our country, especially small and medium-sized and small-sized and medium-sized enterprises, are the most potential and innovative groups at present, have a very important position in the strategy of building an innovative country, but because of the high risk of investment and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, It is a problem that the financing of the loan is difficult to become a global and attention. The development of the intellectual property pledge system in China is of great importance to the construction and development of the socialist market economy The intellectual property pledge system not only fully realizes the property value of the pledged subject matter, but also helps to enrich the financing mode of our country, improve the financing structure and reduce the financial wind. Insurance. It adds to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in science and technology In the light of the slow development of the intellectual property pledge system in our country, we actively study the advanced models and policies of the foreign countries, actively introduce the relevant system, and try to explore the corresponding mechanism so that the intellectual property pledge system of our country has made some progress On the basis of the definition of the general problems of the pledge of intellectual property, the paper applies the case analysis method, the comparative study method and the economic analysis method to the system. In the course of studying foreign intellectual property pledge system, the paper points out the current legislative status and defect of the pledge system of intellectual property right in China, and actively carries out the theory and practice of the intellectual property pledge system in our country. Construction of the article. In addition to the introduction, the subject is divided into four parts. The first part, from the definition of the concept of the pledge of intellectual property, expounds the related concept, and explains the knowledge from the subject _ intellectual property right person and the quality right person, the object _ intellectual property pledge subject matter and the content. The concept of property right is described in detail. The characteristics and types of the subject matter of the pledge of intellectual property are set forth, and the pledge of intellectual property rights is given. This part expounds the importance of the application of intellectual property pledge in combination with the development of the small and medium-sized enterprises in the real society, which not only is beneficial to the full play of the property value of the subject matter of the intellectual property, but also is more beneficial to the solution of the melting of the small and medium-sized enterprises The second part is about the intellectual property system and the system of the continental law system and the common law system. The comparison and reference of the degree of intellectual property rights of the countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries are listed. in that context of the development of the intellectual property pledge system of these developed country, it can be seen that these countries attach great importance to the quality of intellectual property In the meantime, these countries are trying to protect the intellectual property pledge system through various means, The development of its health, for example, through the 鈥減olicy investment bank鈥

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