【摘要】：在《生物多樣性公約》通過(guò)之前,傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)長(zhǎng)期被界定為一種公有知識(shí)而可以為任何人無(wú)償加之利用,資金、技術(shù)等占據(jù)較大優(yōu)勢(shì)西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家從傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)資源較為豐富的發(fā)展中國(guó)家獲取相關(guān)的傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)后,進(jìn)行商業(yè)性開(kāi)發(fā)或者通過(guò)專(zhuān)利制度獨(dú)享發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的排他性權(quán)利,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的傳承與發(fā)展作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家不僅需要肩負(fù)起保護(hù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的義務(wù),同時(shí)對(duì)自己世代傳承的傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)卻難以分享其應(yīng)得的惠益。為了解決傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)被不當(dāng)占有使用的不合理現(xiàn)象,發(fā)展中國(guó)家積極推行傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的保護(hù),《生物多樣性公約》、《波恩準(zhǔn)則》、《名古屋議定書(shū)》等一系列公約的誕生,奠定了傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的國(guó)家主權(quán)、獲取的事先知情同意以及惠益分享制度,印度、菲律賓、哥斯達(dá)黎加、巴西等發(fā)展中國(guó)家開(kāi)始通過(guò)國(guó)內(nèi)立法將這一制度納入到本國(guó)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的保護(hù)中。 與其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家一樣,中國(guó)的中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)也遭遇著不當(dāng)占有使用的問(wèn)題,如何正確認(rèn)識(shí)中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)并利用好、保護(hù)好這一中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化的瑰寶,解決好國(guó)際合作中對(duì)中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)獲取及惠益分享等問(wèn)題,已成為中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)發(fā)展過(guò)程中迫切需要解決的難題。 本文將獲取與惠益分享制度適用于我國(guó)中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的保護(hù),并從中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的價(jià)值、中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)面臨國(guó)內(nèi)外不當(dāng)占用使用及我國(guó)現(xiàn)行相關(guān)保護(hù)制度局限分析構(gòu)建中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)獲取與惠益分享制度的必要性,從國(guó)際公約及印度、菲律賓、哥斯達(dá)黎加、巴西等發(fā)展中國(guó)家的立法及我國(guó)政府的重視分析構(gòu)建這一制度的可行性,通過(guò)明確中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的客體包括實(shí)物類(lèi)與智力成果類(lèi),中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)主體可以大致分為國(guó)家、區(qū)域集體(法人、社區(qū)、民族)和個(gè)人(家族)三大類(lèi),建議設(shè)立中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)管理委員會(huì)為中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的主管機(jī)構(gòu),中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的獲取應(yīng)遵循事先知情同意原則,惠益分享應(yīng)通過(guò)立法模式加以規(guī)范等,最終對(duì)中醫(yī)藥傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)獲取與惠益分享制度的國(guó)內(nèi)立法提出可行性的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:Prior to the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity, traditional knowledge had long been defined as a form of public knowledge that could be used for the benefit of anyone free of charge and financed, After obtaining the relevant traditional knowledge from the developing countries with abundant traditional knowledge resources, the western developed countries take advantage of technology, and engage in commercial exploitation or exclusive rights of invention and creation through the patent system. Developing countries that make important contributions to the transmission and development of traditional knowledge not only need to shoulder the obligation to protect intellectual property rights of developed countries, but also have difficulty in sharing their due benefits to the traditional knowledge transmitted from generation to generation. In order to address the irrational use of traditional knowledge, developing countries have actively promoted the protection of traditional knowledge, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Bonn guidelines and the Nagoya Protocol, among other conventions, Established national sovereignty over traditional knowledge, access to prior informed consent and benefit-sharing systems, India, Philippines, Costa Rica, Developing countries such as Brazil have begun to incorporate this system into the protection of their traditional knowledge through domestic legislation. Like other developing countries, China's traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine is also experiencing the problem of improper possession and use. How to correctly understand and make good use of traditional knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine and protect this treasure of Chinese traditional culture, To solve the problems of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge acquisition and benefit-sharing in international cooperation has become an urgent problem in the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the system of access and benefit-sharing is applied to the protection of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, and from the value of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, Analysis on the necessity of constructing traditional Chinese Medicine traditional knowledge acquisition and Benefit-sharing system based on international conventions and international conventions, India, the Philippines, Costa Rica, India, the Philippines, and Costa Rica. The legislation of Brazil and other developing countries and the importance attached by our government to the analysis of the feasibility of constructing this system. By making clear that the objects of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge include material objects and intellectual achievements, the subjects of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge can be roughly divided into countries. Regional collective (legal person, community, nationality) and individual (family) three categories. It is suggested that the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge management committee be established as the competent body of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge, and the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge should be obtained in accordance with the principle of prior informed consent. Benefit-sharing should be regulated by legislative model, and finally, the feasibility construction of domestic legislation on traditional knowledge acquisition and benefit-sharing system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R288

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 匡萃璋;中醫(yī)當(dāng)代教育的文化沖突[J];浙江中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2003年03期

2 呂占江;;中藥秘方的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)[J];中國(guó)發(fā)明與專(zhuān)利;2009年01期

3 宋曉亭;胡惠平;林潔;;傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥知識(shí)利益未獲保護(hù)的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)背景[J];法學(xué);2006年03期

4 張冬;;中藥知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)國(guó)際化保護(hù)問(wèn)題的實(shí)效方法論應(yīng)用——以中美對(duì)中藥保護(hù)最佳路徑選擇為視角[J];河北法學(xué);2012年01期

5 韓寧;;生物遺傳資源的法律保護(hù)研究[J];河南教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2011年01期

6 溫芽清;;中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)傳承與保護(hù)的媒介——基于印度《傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)數(shù)字圖書(shū)館》的分析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理;2008年08期

7 唐良富;唐卡毅;朱洪艷;解如風(fēng);徐婷;唐榆凱;;中藥國(guó)外專(zhuān)利狀況的淺析[J];科技管理研究;2010年18期

8 薛達(dá)元;;《名古屋議定書(shū)》的主要內(nèi)容及其潛在影響[J];生物多樣性;2011年01期

9 張志華;白劍;宋曉亭;張秀梅;單曉光;劉延淮;;國(guó)家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略需要啟動(dòng)一個(gè)試點(diǎn)性的實(shí)戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目——我國(guó)部署和實(shí)施知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“351工程”的緊迫性[J];世界科學(xué)技術(shù)(中醫(yī)藥現(xiàn)代化);2012年01期

10 侯國(guó)良;劉卓煒;黃劍華;陳曉峰;余紹龍;張志凌;李永紅;周芳堅(jiān);;兩組中藥復(fù)方影響前列腺癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)的體內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];中華臨床醫(yī)師雜志(電子版);2011年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：2363743