【摘要】：在經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,中印兩國均在20世紀(jì)中葉取得了各自的獨(dú)立,建國初期,印度政府基本上沿用了英國殖民統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的專利法,中國則完全照搬了前蘇聯(lián)的專利制度。直到20世紀(jì)70年代,兩國才重新根據(jù)本國的國情建立起了符合各自國家發(fā)展利益的專利制度。由于中印兩國同為人口大國,并且兩國當(dāng)時(shí)的公共衛(wèi)生基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及其薄弱,為滿足公共衛(wèi)生的需要,兩國都在制定專利法的時(shí)候?qū)⑸婕搬t(yī)藥制品排除在了可授予專利保護(hù)的范圍之外,這一點(diǎn)也是符合當(dāng)時(shí)兩國國情的。制藥產(chǎn)業(yè)不僅對經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和科技的進(jìn)步具有重要的推動(dòng)作用,其對公共健康衛(wèi)生的影響作用是其他產(chǎn)業(yè)所無法企及的。中印兩國的制藥工業(yè)在制造能力上都己進(jìn)入世界大國行列,尤其是大宗抗生素的生產(chǎn),兩國基本能左右國際市場行情。但是與西方發(fā)達(dá)國家先進(jìn)制藥行業(yè)相比較,中印兩國的差異也是極為明顯的,其中一個(gè)最為突出方面就是缺乏充足的擁有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的藥品。這無疑使得兩國在應(yīng)對國內(nèi)可能出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生危機(jī)時(shí)捉襟見肘。在進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)之后,特別是兩國先后成為了世界貿(mào)易組織成員國之后,印度在對待本國專利法與國際接軌的問題上,采取的手段明顯要更加靈活一些。這一點(diǎn)從印度在加入世界貿(mào)易組織之后對于本國專利法的修改便可察覺,印度并未一味的強(qiáng)調(diào)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的專利保護(hù),而是緩慢的對其專利法進(jìn)行不斷的修正,以符合其國內(nèi)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展需求,正是這種務(wù)實(shí)的態(tài)度,使得印度制藥行業(yè)為代表的國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)充分得到了法律政策層面上的庇護(hù),并且在經(jīng)過了一定時(shí)期的積累后從容的升級,終究在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的今天發(fā)展成為可以與西方同行抗衡的重要力量,為印度在應(yīng)對今后可能出現(xiàn)的公共衛(wèi)生危機(jī)時(shí),提供了一定的產(chǎn)業(yè)支持。本文通過對印度在其專利制度發(fā)展上的策略和手段的研究,試圖對我國今后的藥品專利制度的發(fā)展提供一些借鑒,特別是在當(dāng)下追求將知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到西方發(fā)達(dá)國家水平成為主流的時(shí)代,我國如何做到在既不與國際相關(guān)條約和協(xié)議沖突的條件下,又能充分利用專利制度作為調(diào)整國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策升級的法律工具來進(jìn)行綜合考量。
[Abstract]:After two world wars, both China and India gained their independence in the middle of the 20th century. In the early days of the founding of India, the Indian government basically followed the patent laws of the British colonial rule. China, for its part, copied the patent system of the former Soviet Union. It was not until the 1970s that the two countries re-established the patent system according to their national conditions. Because China and India are both populous countries, and their public health infrastructure was weak at the time, to meet the needs of public health, Both countries are making patent laws to exclude pharmaceutical products from the scope of patent protection, which is also in line with the situation of the two countries at that time. Pharmaceutical industry not only plays an important role in promoting the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, but also affects public health and health. The pharmaceutical industry of both China and India has entered the ranks of the world's largest countries in terms of manufacturing capability, especially in the production of major antibiotics, and both countries can basically control the international market. But compared with the advanced pharmaceutical industry in the western developed countries, the difference between China and India is also very obvious, one of the most prominent aspects is the lack of adequate medicines with full independent intellectual property rights. This undoubtedly puts the two countries in a tight position to cope with a potentially serious public health crisis at home. After entering the 21st century, especially after the two countries have become members of the World Trade Organization, India has to take more flexible measures in dealing with its patent law in line with the international law. This can be seen from India's amendment to its patent law after its accession to the World Trade Organization. Instead of emphasizing high standards of patent protection, India has been slowly revising its patent law. In keeping with its domestic socio-economic development needs, it is this pragmatic attitude that has given the domestic economy, represented by the Indian pharmaceutical industry, full protection at the legal and policy levels, And after a certain period of accumulation, after a relaxed upgrade, after all, in the face of the globalization of the world economy, it has developed into an important force that can compete with its Western counterparts, so that India can cope with a possible public health crisis in the future. Provide certain industry support. This paper attempts to provide some references for the future development of drug patent system in China through the study of India's strategy and means in the development of its patent system. Especially in the current era when the standard of intellectual property protection has become the mainstream of the western developed countries, how to do it without conflict with the relevant international treaties and agreements, It can also make full use of patent system as a legal tool to adjust the upgrading of national industrial policy for comprehensive consideration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.42

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