【摘要】：進入21世紀以來,科技的迅猛發(fā)展,技術(shù)的日新月異,離不開IT企業(yè)對整個社會乃至全人類所做的卓越貢獻,而IT企業(yè)的生存發(fā)展嚴重依賴知識資源。作為創(chuàng)造并持有企業(yè)知識資源的IT員工,是IT企業(yè)創(chuàng)新的動力來源。然而,由于IT企業(yè)具有知識密度大、產(chǎn)品周期短,創(chuàng)新要求高等一系列內(nèi)在特點,其人才流失問題對企業(yè)造成的影響要遠大于傳統(tǒng)企業(yè),其影響波及的速度也更快,危害程度也更大。近幾年來,人才流失率在IT企業(yè)居高不下,企業(yè)對此深感困惑、無計可施,苦于找不出有效的應(yīng)對手段,企業(yè)經(jīng)常使用的傳統(tǒng)激勵、約束手段也越來越難以湊效。新的形勢,要求IT企業(yè)必須開辟新的視角,重新審視IT企業(yè)內(nèi)部人才流失問題,減少或避免因人才流失對IT企業(yè)造成的重大損失。 本文在閱讀、研究大量人才流失及知識管理理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分析研究運用知識管理來解決IT企業(yè)人才流失問題的重要性。試圖從一個全新的視角,重新審視IT企業(yè)人才流失現(xiàn)狀、IT企業(yè)知識管理現(xiàn)狀、以及知識管理現(xiàn)狀對IT企業(yè)造成的重大影響。通過對IT企業(yè)人才流失原因、IT企業(yè)知識管理現(xiàn)狀及人才流失對IT企業(yè)影響的問卷調(diào)查,使用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計工具對調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)進行了深入分析,試圖探討IT企業(yè)知識管理現(xiàn)狀、人才流失原因及影響間的相互關(guān)系。通過因子分析法,本文提取了能夠反映IT企業(yè)知識管理現(xiàn)狀的兩大因素以及人才流失對IT企業(yè)造成的三大影響。 本文研究數(shù)據(jù)及結(jié)果表明,人才流失對IT企業(yè)損害影響主要有以下三大方面：(1)對IT企業(yè)信譽的影響；(2)對內(nèi)部員工心理穩(wěn)定的影響；(3)對企業(yè)內(nèi)部運轉(zhuǎn)效率的影響。 通過數(shù)據(jù)分析還能發(fā)現(xiàn)：IT企業(yè)在內(nèi)部知識共享硬件建設(shè)及知識共享活動開展兩方面表現(xiàn)比較悲觀。這直接反映出IT企業(yè)留駐知識能力的欠缺。針對這些問題,本文認為：人才流失問題對于IT企業(yè)雖然不可避免,但維護知識資源卻能挖掘出巨大潛力,進而提出了人才流失給企業(yè)造成損害影響,應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對的三大手段：(1)維護IT企業(yè)內(nèi)部的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò),疏通內(nèi)部知識的傳遞渠道,將個人顯性及隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)化為企業(yè)內(nèi)部知識或組織知識,促進良性循環(huán)。(2)基于知識共享的IT企業(yè)文化重塑,其中包括軟件環(huán)境建設(shè)與硬件環(huán)境建設(shè)；(3)加強體制約束、完善保障體系,加強對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護,通過對IT企業(yè)的制度進行完善,并借助法律武器,來有效防止企業(yè)知識的外泄,避免或者減小IT企業(yè)損失。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21st century, the rapid development of science and technology and the rapid development of technology can not be separated from the outstanding contributions made by IT enterprises to the whole society and even to all mankind. However, the survival and development of IT enterprises depend heavily on knowledge resources. As a IT employee who creates and holds enterprise knowledge resources, it is the power source of IT enterprise innovation. However, because IT enterprises have a series of inherent characteristics, such as high knowledge density, short product cycle, high innovation requirements and so on, the problem of brain drain has a much greater impact on enterprises than traditional enterprises, and the impact is also faster. The danger is also greater. In recent years, the rate of talent wastage in IT enterprises is high, enterprises are perplexed, unable to find effective coping means, and the traditional incentive and restraint means often used by enterprises are becoming more and more difficult to make use of. The new situation requires IT enterprises to open up a new perspective, re-examine the problem of brain drain in IT enterprises, and reduce or avoid the heavy losses caused by brain drain to IT enterprises. On the basis of reading and studying the theory of massive brain drain and knowledge management, this paper analyzes the importance of applying knowledge management to solve the problem of IT enterprise brain drain. From a new angle of view, this paper attempts to re-examine the brain drain in IT enterprises and the current situation of knowledge management in IT enterprises, as well as the significant impact of knowledge management on IT enterprises. Through the questionnaire survey on the reasons for the brain drain in IT enterprises and the impact of the brain drain on IT enterprises, this paper makes a deep analysis of the survey data by using mathematical statistical tools, and attempts to probe into the present situation of knowledge management in IT enterprises. The relationship between the causes and effects of brain drain. Through factor analysis, this paper extracts two factors which can reflect the current situation of knowledge management in IT enterprises and the three influences of brain drain on IT enterprises. The data and results of this paper show that the impact of brain drain on IT enterprises is mainly as follows: (1) the impact on the reputation of IT enterprises; (2) the impact on the psychological stability of internal employees; (3) the impact on the internal operating efficiency of enterprises. Through data analysis, we can also find that the two aspects of internal knowledge sharing hardware construction and knowledge sharing activities are rather pessimistic. This directly reflects the lack of knowledge ability of IT enterprises. In view of these problems, this paper holds that the problem of brain drain is inevitable for IT enterprises, but the maintenance of knowledge resources can excavate great potential, and then puts forward that the brain drain will cause harm to enterprises. How to deal with the three major measures: (1) maintain the knowledge network within the IT enterprise, dredge the internal knowledge transmission channels, and transform the individual explicit and tacit knowledge into the internal knowledge or organizational knowledge; (2) rebuilding the corporate culture of IT based on knowledge sharing, including the construction of software environment and hardware environment; (3) strengthening the institutional constraints, perfecting the safeguard system, and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights, By perfecting the system of IT enterprises and with the aid of legal weapons, we can effectively prevent the leakage of enterprise knowledge and avoid or reduce the loss of IT enterprises.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F272.92

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