【摘要】：高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)是以高新技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),從事高新技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)品的研究、開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和技術(shù)服務(wù)的企業(yè)集合,它具有知識(shí)密集、技術(shù)密集、開發(fā)難度大、效益回報(bào)大的特點(diǎn)。我國高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)起步于上世紀(jì)五十年代,與西方發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,起步較晚,又因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)等客觀因素的限制,技術(shù)相對(duì)落后,還不太成熟。但我國正積極投入大量的精力努力地開發(fā),在近幾年的開發(fā)研制中取得了舉世矚目的成就。1988年8月,我國啟動(dòng)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展計(jì)劃—火炬計(jì)劃,其中創(chuàng)辦高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)被作為重點(diǎn)發(fā)展目標(biāo)之一,從1988年8月到2014年2月為止,國務(wù)院先后批準(zhǔn)建立114個(gè)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū),其范圍遍及全國各個(gè)省份。 科學(xué)技術(shù)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中起的作用越來越大,越來越多的國家意識(shí)到高新技術(shù)的重要性,并大力支持高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè),同時(shí),全球高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易量也飛速增長(zhǎng),我國跟隨著時(shí)代潮流也在大力發(fā)展高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易,然而近年來,高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易摩擦逐漸成為我國關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題,摩擦呈愈演愈烈之勢(shì),當(dāng)前我國高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易摩擦主要集中在與歐美國家貿(mào)易中,其中以美國最多,涉及貿(mào)易金額也最大。高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易摩擦的頻繁發(fā)生嚴(yán)重影響了中美貿(mào)易的健康發(fā)展,甚至影響到中美交往的其他的領(lǐng)域。本文首先介紹了中國高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)及中美高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易摩擦現(xiàn)狀；然后進(jìn)一步總結(jié)出中美高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易摩擦存在的原因；接著分析了貿(mào)易摩擦給中美兩國帶來的實(shí)質(zhì)影響；最后針對(duì)當(dāng)前我國面臨的情況提出相應(yīng)的建議。 本文主要的觀點(diǎn)是我國高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展不完善,出口產(chǎn)品以加工貿(mào)易為主,過多集中在科技含量低的產(chǎn)品上,創(chuàng)匯能力較弱。另外我國對(duì)美國市場(chǎng)依存度過高,而美國對(duì)我國市場(chǎng)依存度過低,同時(shí)我國技術(shù)落后,貿(mào)易摩擦控制、解決機(jī)制不完善等因素都導(dǎo)致了貿(mào)易摩擦的不斷產(chǎn)生。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于,系統(tǒng)分析了高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易摩擦的原因,并運(yùn)用案例和數(shù)據(jù)客觀地分析出對(duì)我國的積極影響和消極影響,針對(duì)當(dāng)前的中國國情提出相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。
[Abstract]:High-tech industry is a collection of enterprises engaged in the research, development, production and technical service of high-tech and its products on the basis of high and new technology. It has the characteristics of knowledge intensive, technology-intensive, development difficulty and benefit return. China's high-tech industry started in the 1950s. Compared with the western developed countries, it started relatively late, and because of the limitation of economy, technology and other objective factors, the technology is relatively backward and immature. However, China is actively devoting a great deal of energy to the development and development, and has made remarkable achievements in recent years. In August 1988, China launched a new high-tech industrialization development plan, the Torch Plan. From August 1988 to February 2014, the State Council has approved the establishment of 114 high-tech industrial development zones, covering all provinces of the country. Science and technology are playing a more and more important role in economic development. More and more countries are aware of the importance of high and new technology, and vigorously support high and new technology industries. At the same time, the volume of global trade of high and new technology products is also growing rapidly. Following the trend of the times, our country is also vigorously developing the high-tech industry and high-tech product trade. However, in recent years, the trade friction of high-tech products has gradually become a hot issue of our country's attention, and the friction is becoming more and more intense. At present, the trade friction of high and new technology products in our country is mainly concentrated in the trade with European and American countries, among which the United States is the most important and the amount of trade involved is also the largest. The frequent trade friction of high-tech products has seriously affected the healthy development of Sino-US trade, and even affected other areas of Sino-US exchanges. This paper first introduces China's high-tech industry and the current situation of Sino-American high-tech product trade friction, and then summarizes the causes of Sino-American high-tech product trade friction. Then it analyzes the real impact of trade friction on China and the United States, and finally puts forward corresponding suggestions in view of the current situation in China. The main point of view of this paper is that the industrial structure of high and new technology in China is not perfect, the export products are mainly processed trade, too much concentrated on the products with low scientific and technological content, and the ability to earn foreign exchange is relatively weak. On the other hand, our country's dependence on the American market is too high, and the American's dependence on our country's market is too low. At the same time, our country's technological backwardness, trade friction control and solution mechanism are all factors that lead to the trade friction. The innovation of this paper lies in the systematic analysis of the causes of the trade friction of high and new technology products, and the use of cases and data to objectively analyze the positive and negative effects on our country, and to put forward corresponding countermeasures in view of the current situation of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F276.44;F752.02;F757.12

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