蛋白肽對(duì)土壤微生態(tài)和植物生長(zhǎng)的調(diào)控效應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-24 20:24
【摘要】：尿素、復(fù)合肥、有機(jī)肥是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中常規(guī)肥料,此3種肥料各有其特點(diǎn)。尿素為速效肥,對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)影響極快,通常5-7天植物可轉(zhuǎn)綠,但尿素易揮發(fā),易流失導(dǎo)致面源污染,同時(shí)易導(dǎo)致土壤板結(jié)；復(fù)合肥也具有尿素的特點(diǎn),因其中含有尿素；有機(jī)肥是最好的肥料,但其特點(diǎn)是肥效特別慢(20天以上)。 本研究以具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的生產(chǎn)方法生產(chǎn)出一種新型純有機(jī)肥——蛋白肽,用盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法,以湘油雜16油菜為實(shí)驗(yàn)植物,尿素、復(fù)合肥和有機(jī)肥(干雞糞)為對(duì)照肥料,研究蛋白肽對(duì)土壤的微生態(tài)效應(yīng)和對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)調(diào)控效應(yīng)。 結(jié)果表明,施氮量為0.1g/3kg土(植物生長(zhǎng)氮需求基本量)的實(shí)驗(yàn)組合中,蛋白肽(14.3mL,含蛋白肽23%)較相同施氮量的尿素(0.2g)、復(fù)合肥(0.6g)、有機(jī)肥(6.1g)對(duì)土壤微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu)(細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌數(shù)量總和)數(shù)量影響明顯。蛋白肽組的微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)量在施肥后35天達(dá)到最高,為6.5×1010個(gè)/g,比同期最低的有機(jī)肥組高4.7×1010個(gè)/g,而同期含氮量為0.2g/3kg土的實(shí)驗(yàn)組合中,蛋白肽組的微生物種群數(shù)量為1.8×1010個(gè)/g,尿素為2.8×1010個(gè)/g,復(fù)合肥為2.4×1010個(gè)/g,有機(jī)肥為1.5×1010個(gè)/g,含氮量為0.4g/3kg土的實(shí)驗(yàn)組合中,蛋白肽組的微生物種群數(shù)量為2.5×1010個(gè)/g,尿素為2.8×1010個(gè)/g,復(fù)合肥為2.1×1010個(gè)/g,有機(jī)肥為2.3×1010個(gè)/g。相比之下,蛋白肽施氮量為0.1g/3kg土的組合比施氮量為0.2g/3kg土和施氮量為0.4g/3kg土組合的微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)量分別高4.7×1010個(gè)/g、4.0×1010個(gè)/g. 通過(guò)研究土壤中氮含量變化,結(jié)果表明,施氮量為0.1g/3kg土的組合中,施加蛋白肽的土壤氮含量為0.1056g/kg,比同組中施加尿素、復(fù)合肥的土壤氮含量低,比施加有機(jī)肥的土壤氮含量稍高,說(shuō)明施加蛋白肽和有機(jī)肥的土壤氮?dú)埩袅可?轉(zhuǎn)化率高。 通過(guò)研究蛋白肽對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)效應(yīng),結(jié)果表明,蛋白肽施加后5-7天植物可變綠(烏綠色、尿素為深綠色),其肥效速度與尿素相當(dāng),是有機(jī)肥的5倍。通過(guò)測(cè)定葉綠素含量變化表明,每個(gè)系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)組中,施加蛋白肽的土壤中生長(zhǎng)的油菜總?cè)~綠素含量均高于施加尿素、復(fù)合肥和有機(jī)肥土壤中油菜的總?cè)~綠素含量。施氮量為0.1g/3kg土的土壤中尿素組、復(fù)合肥組、有機(jī)肥組、蛋白肽組油菜總?cè)~綠素含量分別為0.8963mg/g、1.1073mg/g、1.1294mg/g、1.3150mg/g,且蛋白肽施加的越多,植物葉綠素含量越高,最高達(dá)2.3480mg/g。同時(shí)測(cè)定植物株高表明,施氮量為0.1g/3kg土的蛋白肽的土壤中,其油菜的株高遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于施加尿素、復(fù)合肥和有機(jī)肥土壤中油菜的株高,平均值分別高9.5cm、18.5cm、14.2cm。 蛋白肽對(duì)土壤微生物種群結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)量、植物的生長(zhǎng)速度、葉綠素含量有明顯作用,對(duì)于其是否可以促進(jìn)植物吸收、轉(zhuǎn)化氮也進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明,施加蛋白肽對(duì)植物根、莖、莢的全氮含量有明顯的促進(jìn)作用。施氮量為0.1g/3kg土的蛋白肽組中油菜根、莖、莢的含氮量分別是5.5020mg/g、2.9397mg/g、2.9742mg/g,并且施加量越多,植物全氮含量越高,且促進(jìn)效果優(yōu)于尿素(根、莖、莢的氮含量分別是4.1131mg、1.6377mg/g、1.5128mg/g).復(fù)合肥(根、莖、莢的氮含量分別是4.0864mg/g、3.7314mg/g、2.5471mg/g)和有機(jī)肥(根、莖、莢的氮含量分別是3.2963mg/g、1.4436mg/g、2.1719mg/g)。蛋白肽對(duì)植物植物全磷和全鉀含量的促進(jìn)作用并不大,與尿素、復(fù)合肥、有機(jī)肥相似。 本研究還表明,施加蛋白肽土壤油菜種子的發(fā)芽率較高(40%左右)以及在施氮量為0.1g/3kg土的油菜種子出油率很高,達(dá)到45.02%(稍低于有機(jī)肥組的45.03%,但有機(jī)肥組產(chǎn)量很少,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較差),比其他組合高。
[Abstract]:Urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are the conventional fertilizers in agricultural production. The three kinds of fertilizers have their own characteristics. Urea is a quick-acting fertilizer, which has a very rapid impact on plant growth. Usually plants can turn green in 5-7 days. But urea is volatile, easy to lose and lead to non-point source pollution, and easy to cause soil consolidation. Compound fertilizer also has the characteristics of urea, because it contains urea. Machine fertilizer is the best fertilizer, but its characteristic is slow fertilizer effect (more than 20 days).
In this study, a new type of pure organic fertilizer, protein peptide, was produced by the production method with independent intellectual property rights. The effects of protein peptide on soil microecology and plant growth were studied by pot experiment with rapeseed Xiangyouza 16 as experimental plant, urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer (dry chicken manure) as control fertilizer.
The results showed that protein peptides (14.3mL, 23% protein peptides) were significantly more effective than urea (0.2g), compound fertilizer (0.6g) and organic fertilizer (6.1g) on the soil microbial population structure (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) in the experimental combination of 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application. The highest number of microbial population was 6.5 x 1010/g at 35 days after fertilization, which was 4.7 x 1010/g higher than that of the lowest organic fertilizer group at the same time. The microbial population of protein peptide group was 1.8 x 1010/g, urea was 2.8 x 1010/g, compound fertilizer was 2.4 x 1010/g, organic fertilizer was 1.5 x 1010/g, and nitrogen content was 0.2 g/3 kg at the same time. The microbial population of protein peptide group was 2.5 *1010/g, urea 2.8 *1010/g, compound fertilizer 2.1 *1010/g and organic fertilizer 2.3 *1010/g in the 0.4g/3kg soil, compared with the combination of protein peptide group and 0.2g/3kg soil with 0.4g/3kg nitrogen application rate. The number of group structure is 4.7 x 1010 /g, 4 x 1010 /g. respectively.
The results showed that the nitrogen content of the soil with protein peptide was 0.1056 g/kg, which was lower than that with urea in the same group. The nitrogen content of the soil with protein peptide was slightly higher than that of the soil with organic fertilizer, indicating that the soil with protein peptide and organic fertilizer had less nitrogen residue and transformation rate. High.
The effect of protein peptides on plant growth was studied. The results showed that the plant became green (dark green, urea dark green) 5-7 days after the application of protein peptides. The fertilizer efficiency was 5 times as fast as that of urea and 5 times as fast as that of organic fertilizer. The total chlorophyll content of rape was higher than that of urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The total chlorophyll content of rape was 0.8963mg/g, 1.1073mg/g, 1.1294mg/g and 1.3150mg/g in the soil with 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and protein peptide, respectively. The plant height of rapeseed in the soil with 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application was much higher than that in the soil with urea application. The average plant height of rapeseed in the soil with compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer was 9.5cm, 18.5cm and 14.2cm respectively.
Protein peptides have obvious effects on the structure and quantity of soil microbial population, the growth rate of plants, chlorophyll content, and whether they can promote plant uptake and nitrogen transformation. The results show that protein peptides can significantly promote the total nitrogen content of plant roots, stems and pods. The nitrogen contents of roots, stems and pods were 5.5020mg/g, 2.9397mg/g, 2.9742mg/g, respectively, and the higher the applied amount, the higher the total nitrogen content of plants, and the promoting effect was better than that of urea (the nitrogen contents of roots, stems and pods were 4.1131mg, 1.6377mg/g, 1.5128mg/g, respectively). The nitrogen contents of compound fertilizers (roots, stems and pods were 4.0864mg/g, 3.7314mg/g, 2.5471mg/g) and organic fertilizers (roots, stems and pods, respectively). The nitrogen contents of stem and pod were 3.2963mg/g, 1.4436mg/g and 2.1719mg/g respectively. Protein peptides had little effect on the total phosphorus and potassium contents of plants, similar to urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
The results also showed that the seed germination rate of rapeseed in the soil with protein peptide application was higher (about 40%) and that in the soil with nitrogen application of 0.1g/3kg, the seed oil yield was 45.02% (slightly lower than that in the organic fertilizer group (45.03%). However, the yield of the organic fertilizer group was very low and the economic benefit was poor), which was higher than that of other combinations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S154.4
本文編號(hào)：2201940
[Abstract]:Urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are the conventional fertilizers in agricultural production. The three kinds of fertilizers have their own characteristics. Urea is a quick-acting fertilizer, which has a very rapid impact on plant growth. Usually plants can turn green in 5-7 days. But urea is volatile, easy to lose and lead to non-point source pollution, and easy to cause soil consolidation. Compound fertilizer also has the characteristics of urea, because it contains urea. Machine fertilizer is the best fertilizer, but its characteristic is slow fertilizer effect (more than 20 days).
In this study, a new type of pure organic fertilizer, protein peptide, was produced by the production method with independent intellectual property rights. The effects of protein peptide on soil microecology and plant growth were studied by pot experiment with rapeseed Xiangyouza 16 as experimental plant, urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer (dry chicken manure) as control fertilizer.
The results showed that protein peptides (14.3mL, 23% protein peptides) were significantly more effective than urea (0.2g), compound fertilizer (0.6g) and organic fertilizer (6.1g) on the soil microbial population structure (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi) in the experimental combination of 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application. The highest number of microbial population was 6.5 x 1010/g at 35 days after fertilization, which was 4.7 x 1010/g higher than that of the lowest organic fertilizer group at the same time. The microbial population of protein peptide group was 1.8 x 1010/g, urea was 2.8 x 1010/g, compound fertilizer was 2.4 x 1010/g, organic fertilizer was 1.5 x 1010/g, and nitrogen content was 0.2 g/3 kg at the same time. The microbial population of protein peptide group was 2.5 *1010/g, urea 2.8 *1010/g, compound fertilizer 2.1 *1010/g and organic fertilizer 2.3 *1010/g in the 0.4g/3kg soil, compared with the combination of protein peptide group and 0.2g/3kg soil with 0.4g/3kg nitrogen application rate. The number of group structure is 4.7 x 1010 /g, 4 x 1010 /g. respectively.
The results showed that the nitrogen content of the soil with protein peptide was 0.1056 g/kg, which was lower than that with urea in the same group. The nitrogen content of the soil with protein peptide was slightly higher than that of the soil with organic fertilizer, indicating that the soil with protein peptide and organic fertilizer had less nitrogen residue and transformation rate. High.
The effect of protein peptides on plant growth was studied. The results showed that the plant became green (dark green, urea dark green) 5-7 days after the application of protein peptides. The fertilizer efficiency was 5 times as fast as that of urea and 5 times as fast as that of organic fertilizer. The total chlorophyll content of rape was higher than that of urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer. The total chlorophyll content of rape was 0.8963mg/g, 1.1073mg/g, 1.1294mg/g and 1.3150mg/g in the soil with 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and protein peptide, respectively. The plant height of rapeseed in the soil with 0.1g/3kg nitrogen application was much higher than that in the soil with urea application. The average plant height of rapeseed in the soil with compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer was 9.5cm, 18.5cm and 14.2cm respectively.
Protein peptides have obvious effects on the structure and quantity of soil microbial population, the growth rate of plants, chlorophyll content, and whether they can promote plant uptake and nitrogen transformation. The results show that protein peptides can significantly promote the total nitrogen content of plant roots, stems and pods. The nitrogen contents of roots, stems and pods were 5.5020mg/g, 2.9397mg/g, 2.9742mg/g, respectively, and the higher the applied amount, the higher the total nitrogen content of plants, and the promoting effect was better than that of urea (the nitrogen contents of roots, stems and pods were 4.1131mg, 1.6377mg/g, 1.5128mg/g, respectively). The nitrogen contents of compound fertilizers (roots, stems and pods were 4.0864mg/g, 3.7314mg/g, 2.5471mg/g) and organic fertilizers (roots, stems and pods, respectively). The nitrogen contents of stem and pod were 3.2963mg/g, 1.4436mg/g and 2.1719mg/g respectively. Protein peptides had little effect on the total phosphorus and potassium contents of plants, similar to urea, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
The results also showed that the seed germination rate of rapeseed in the soil with protein peptide application was higher (about 40%) and that in the soil with nitrogen application of 0.1g/3kg, the seed oil yield was 45.02% (slightly lower than that in the organic fertilizer group (45.03%). However, the yield of the organic fertilizer group was very low and the economic benefit was poor), which was higher than that of other combinations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S154.4
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