【摘要】：近年來太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)正成為世界范圍內(nèi)可再生能源領(lǐng)域的熱點,大量實驗和運行數(shù)據(jù)證明了其技術(shù)可行性和商業(yè)應用前景。為掌握具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的高效能、低成本、商業(yè)化、大規(guī)模太陽能塔式熱發(fā)電站的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),科技部在“十一五”期間設(shè)立863計劃重點項目——太陽能熱發(fā)電技術(shù)及系統(tǒng)示范。由于塔式太陽能熱發(fā)電是一個新興的復雜熱力系統(tǒng),目前還鮮見有文章對其進行綜合的熱力學和經(jīng)濟學的評價。 本文首先基于現(xiàn)有的電站仿真系統(tǒng)獲得了八達嶺電站變工況下的運行參數(shù),建立了電站各子系統(tǒng)火用分析模型,計算了設(shè)計工況及變工況下電站主要設(shè)備及子系統(tǒng)的火用效率,分析了火用損失產(chǎn)生的部位及原因。然后,本文基于熱經(jīng)濟學結(jié)構(gòu)理論,同時考慮系統(tǒng)所處的物理環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟環(huán)境,建立了更高層次的熱經(jīng)濟學模型。根據(jù)熱經(jīng)濟學結(jié)構(gòu)理論的經(jīng)典步驟,本文定義了八達嶺電站的物理結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)和各組元的“燃料-產(chǎn)品”,列出了反映系統(tǒng)各組元之間相互作用的KP矩陣,建立了各組元火用成本模型和熱經(jīng)濟成本模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,計算了設(shè)計工況下、有無儲能系統(tǒng)及多個非設(shè)計工況下系統(tǒng)各組元的單位火用和單位熱經(jīng)濟學成本,分析了成本分布的規(guī)律及組件成本過高的原因。 從火用分析結(jié)果來看,電站總體上熱效率和火用效率不高。吸熱器是整個系統(tǒng)中火用損率最大的部件,定日鏡的火用效率由其光學效率決定。太陽直射輻射強度越大,電站總的熱效率和火用效率越高。從熱經(jīng)濟學分析結(jié)果來看,八達嶺電站終端產(chǎn)品的火用成本只有常規(guī)電站的5%,全生命周期的熱經(jīng)濟性成本不足常規(guī)火電站的10%；太陽輻照強度在接近設(shè)計工況時,成本最低,與設(shè)計工況偏離越遠,成本越高；隨著充熱過程的進行,儲能系統(tǒng)的火用成本和熱經(jīng)濟學成本逐漸降低,電站終端產(chǎn)品的火用成本和熱經(jīng)濟學成本幾乎不變；放熱過程中成本變化規(guī)律與此相似。分析結(jié)果對以后太陽能熱電站運行、上網(wǎng)電價的確定、生產(chǎn)效率的提高、系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化、故障診斷都有一定的指導意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, solar thermal power generation technology is becoming a hot spot in the field of renewable energy worldwide. A large number of experimental and operational data have proved its technical feasibility and commercial application prospects. In order to master the key technologies of high efficiency, low cost, commercial and large-scale solar tower thermal power station with independent intellectual property, The Ministry of Science and Technology set up a key project of the 863 Program-Solar Thermal Power Generation Technology and system demonstration during the 11th five-year Plan. As the tower solar thermal power generation is a new complex thermodynamic system, there are few articles to evaluate it synthetically in thermodynamics and economics. In this paper, based on the existing power station simulation system, the operating parameters of Badaling Hydropower Station are obtained, the exergy analysis models of each subsystem are established, and the exergy efficiency of the main equipment and subsystems is calculated under the design condition and the variable working condition. The location and cause of exergy loss are analyzed. Then, based on the structure theory of thermoeconomics and considering the physical and economic environment of the system, a higher level thermoeconomic model is established. According to the classical steps of thermoeconomics structure theory, this paper defines the physical structure, production structure and "fuel-product" of each component of Badaling Hydropower Station, and lists the KP matrix reflecting the interaction between each component of the system. The exergy cost model and thermal economic cost model were established. On this basis, the unit exergy and unit thermoeconomics cost of each component of the system under the design condition, whether there are energy storage systems or not, are calculated, and the law of cost distribution and the reasons for the excessive cost of components are analyzed. From the result of exergy analysis, the overall thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of the power station are not high. The heat absorber is the largest component in the whole system, and the exergy efficiency of the sunspot mirror is determined by its optical efficiency. The higher the direct solar radiation intensity, the higher the total thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency. According to the results of thermoeconomics analysis, the exergy cost of the terminal product of Badaling Hydropower Station is only 5% of that of the conventional power station, and the thermal economic cost of the whole life cycle is less than that of the conventional thermal power station, and the solar radiation intensity is the lowest when the solar radiation intensity is close to the design condition. The farther the deviation from the design condition, the higher the cost, the exergy cost and thermoeconomics cost of energy storage system decrease gradually, and the exergy cost and thermoeconomics cost of terminal product of power station are almost unchanged. The law of cost variation in exothermic process is similar to this. The analysis results have certain guiding significance for the operation of solar thermal power station, the determination of electricity price, the improvement of production efficiency, the optimization of system and the fault diagnosis.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TM615

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