計算機軟件盜版的認(rèn)定及法律規(guī)制
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-23 08:08
【摘要】：科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力，這是在經(jīng)濟一體化的今天，各國政府都達(dá)成的一個共識。在科技的推動下，計算機的應(yīng)用得到了更廣泛的推廣，并帶動著相關(guān)的軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)。我國的軟件開發(fā)是從上世紀(jì)70年代末開始，由于起步較晚，這一新興產(chǎn)業(yè)從初期就受到國外擠壓、國內(nèi)研究資金不足、人才短缺等因素的制約，步履維艱。伴隨著計算機產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，軟件市場需求量的擴大，且軟件復(fù)制成本低、技術(shù)容易掌握的特點，軟件的盜版問題日益突出，成為越來越多人的謀利手段。一般情況下，軟件盜版的類型可分為：硬盤預(yù)裝盜版、軟件仿冒盜版、光盤盜版、企業(yè)盜版、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)盜版、不同個體間混合盜版等。為了解決日益嚴(yán)重的盜版現(xiàn)狀，我國對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)重要組成部分的《中華人民共和國著作權(quán)法》進(jìn)行修訂，確立了符合國際版權(quán)保護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的版權(quán)保護(hù)體系。除了著作權(quán)法，還有專業(yè)部門的法律法規(guī)即《計算機軟件保護(hù)條例》。但盡管如此，我國的盜版率依舊在各國中名列前茅。美國商業(yè)軟件聯(lián)盟（BAS）[1]2010年公布的全球主要國家盜版率：中國2009年盜版率為79%，排名27。雖然較1994年的97%下降較多，但與盜版率最低的美國（20%）仍有較大差距（本段有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)來源見第一頁注釋1）。 在美國強大的壓力下我們就一定要將盜版的標(biāo)尺生硬地抬高到與發(fā)達(dá)國家相同的水平嗎？版權(quán)要保護(hù)，，但按照傳統(tǒng)的中庸思想，保護(hù)與打擊之間應(yīng)有一個合情合理的過度。法律的制定不但要公平公正，更要兼顧到效率和效益。 因此，文章將會從社會利益、個人利益等方面出發(fā)，基于我國經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀對盜版軟件的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、侵權(quán)判定、立法操作和司法實踐上進(jìn)行探索和研究。軟件盜版的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與一般軟件侵權(quán)既有共性，又有差異。從理論上講，對盜版軟件的侵權(quán)認(rèn)定必須滿足四個條件：即存在侵權(quán)的損害事實；實施侵權(quán)行為；侵權(quán)行為與損害結(jié)果之間存在因果關(guān)系；侵權(quán)人存在主觀過錯。從實踐上講，認(rèn)定是否構(gòu)成軟件盜版，還有以下方法：1、可通過與正版軟件進(jìn)行盤面內(nèi)同比較或?qū)Ρ任募⒛夸洠?、對比安裝過程；3、對比安裝后的目錄、文件、使用過程；4、對比代碼的方式。此外，文章在對國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行比較的基礎(chǔ)上，提出完善我國軟件保護(hù)的法律對策，借以希望能對我國軟件發(fā)展提供更全面的保護(hù)。例如，在民法上注重保護(hù)“階梯”平衡、明確反向工程規(guī)定；在刑法上細(xì)化盜版犯罪入罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、加大刑罰力度；在行政上促進(jìn)政府扶植軟件創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)業(yè)等。
[Abstract]:Science and technology is the first productive force, which is a consensus reached by governments in today's economic integration. Under the impetus of science and technology, the application of computer has been popularized more widely, and has driven the related software industry. The software development of our country began at the end of 1970s. Due to the late start, this new industry has been squeezed by foreign countries from the initial stage, the domestic research fund is insufficient, the talent shortage and so on factors restrict, and so on. With the development of computer industry, the expansion of software market demand, and the low cost of software replication, easy to grasp the characteristics of technology, software piracy has become increasingly prominent, becoming a more and more people's means of profit. In general, the types of software piracy can be divided into: hard disk preinstalled piracy, software counterfeiting piracy, CD piracy, corporate piracy, Internet piracy, different individuals mixed piracy and so on. In order to solve the increasingly serious piracy situation, the copyright Law of the people's Republic of China, which is an important part of intellectual property rights, has been amended to establish a copyright protection system that conforms to the international standards of copyright protection. In addition to copyright law, there are professional departments of laws and regulations, that is, computer software protection regulations. Nevertheless, our country's piracy rate is still among the highest in all countries. The US Business Software Alliance (BAS) published the worldwide piracy rate for major countries in 2010: China's 2009 piracy rate was 79, ranking 27th. Although down from 97 percent in 1994, there is still a big gap with the United States, which has the lowest piracy rate (20 percent) (see note 1 on page 1 for the relevant data for this paragraph). Under the strong pressure of the United States, we must stiffly raise the scale of piracy to the same level as developed countries. Copyright should be protected, but according to the traditional doctrine of moderation, there should be a reasonable excess between protection and strike. The formulation of the law should not only be fair and equitable, but also take into account efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, based on the present situation of economic and social development in our country, the paper will explore and study the standards of copyright software, the judgment of infringement, the operation of legislation and the practice of judicature from the aspects of social interests and personal interests. The standard of software piracy is not only common but also different with general software infringement. Theoretically speaking, the infringement of pirated software must meet four conditions: the existence of infringement of the fact of damage; the implementation of tort; tort and damage between the causal relationship between the result of the infringement; the infringer has subjective fault. In practice, to determine whether software piracy constitutes, there are the following methods: 1, you can compare or contrast the file name in the disk with the original version of the software, the directory is 2, compare the installation process 3, compare the directory, file, and use process after installation; 4, contrast the way of code. In addition, on the basis of the comparison of domestic and foreign research status, the article puts forward the legal countermeasures to perfect the software protection in our country, hoping to provide more comprehensive protection to the software development of our country. For example, in the civil law, we should pay attention to the balance of the "ladder" of protection, clarify the provisions of reverse engineering; refine the standard of criminal conviction of piracy in criminal law, increase the intensity of punishment; and promote the government to foster the software innovation industry in administration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4
本文編號：2138753
[Abstract]:Science and technology is the first productive force, which is a consensus reached by governments in today's economic integration. Under the impetus of science and technology, the application of computer has been popularized more widely, and has driven the related software industry. The software development of our country began at the end of 1970s. Due to the late start, this new industry has been squeezed by foreign countries from the initial stage, the domestic research fund is insufficient, the talent shortage and so on factors restrict, and so on. With the development of computer industry, the expansion of software market demand, and the low cost of software replication, easy to grasp the characteristics of technology, software piracy has become increasingly prominent, becoming a more and more people's means of profit. In general, the types of software piracy can be divided into: hard disk preinstalled piracy, software counterfeiting piracy, CD piracy, corporate piracy, Internet piracy, different individuals mixed piracy and so on. In order to solve the increasingly serious piracy situation, the copyright Law of the people's Republic of China, which is an important part of intellectual property rights, has been amended to establish a copyright protection system that conforms to the international standards of copyright protection. In addition to copyright law, there are professional departments of laws and regulations, that is, computer software protection regulations. Nevertheless, our country's piracy rate is still among the highest in all countries. The US Business Software Alliance (BAS) published the worldwide piracy rate for major countries in 2010: China's 2009 piracy rate was 79, ranking 27th. Although down from 97 percent in 1994, there is still a big gap with the United States, which has the lowest piracy rate (20 percent) (see note 1 on page 1 for the relevant data for this paragraph). Under the strong pressure of the United States, we must stiffly raise the scale of piracy to the same level as developed countries. Copyright should be protected, but according to the traditional doctrine of moderation, there should be a reasonable excess between protection and strike. The formulation of the law should not only be fair and equitable, but also take into account efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, based on the present situation of economic and social development in our country, the paper will explore and study the standards of copyright software, the judgment of infringement, the operation of legislation and the practice of judicature from the aspects of social interests and personal interests. The standard of software piracy is not only common but also different with general software infringement. Theoretically speaking, the infringement of pirated software must meet four conditions: the existence of infringement of the fact of damage; the implementation of tort; tort and damage between the causal relationship between the result of the infringement; the infringer has subjective fault. In practice, to determine whether software piracy constitutes, there are the following methods: 1, you can compare or contrast the file name in the disk with the original version of the software, the directory is 2, compare the installation process 3, compare the directory, file, and use process after installation; 4, contrast the way of code. In addition, on the basis of the comparison of domestic and foreign research status, the article puts forward the legal countermeasures to perfect the software protection in our country, hoping to provide more comprehensive protection to the software development of our country. For example, in the civil law, we should pay attention to the balance of the "ladder" of protection, clarify the provisions of reverse engineering; refine the standard of criminal conviction of piracy in criminal law, increase the intensity of punishment; and promote the government to foster the software innovation industry in administration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.4
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