本文選題：藥品專利 + 強(qiáng)制許可��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代文明的發(fā)展,國際交往不斷頻繁,各種突發(fā)性的流行性疾病得以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)肆虐全球。與此同時(shí),癌癥、艾滋病等惡性疾病困擾著世界各地的人們。在與病魔抗?fàn)幍倪^程中,各類高技術(shù)含量的特效藥物成為患者的必需品。在廣大的發(fā)展中國家和欠發(fā)達(dá)國家,經(jīng)濟(jì)水平低、科技欠發(fā)達(dá)、居民消費(fèi)水平有限,廣大患者不能及時(shí)足額地獲得廉價(jià)的專利藥物。為此,相關(guān)國際組織通過的《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》等國際性法律文件設(shè)置了藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度,旨在通過限制藥品專利權(quán)人的專利權(quán)益,保障那些急需藥物的國家和人民的生存權(quán)和健康權(quán)。 在這樣的背景下,為了落實(shí)國際條約的精神,包括我國在內(nèi)的很多國家都通過制定和修改專利法,具體規(guī)定了本國的藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度,一些發(fā)展中國家還率先進(jìn)行了此類實(shí)踐,取得了良好的效果。與他們相比,我國專利法的相關(guān)規(guī)定還存在著不少的問題,如法律體系不完備,法律規(guī)范之間不協(xié)調(diào),規(guī)定的科學(xué)性和合理性欠缺等。在實(shí)踐中,我國也沒有一例成功的藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可案例。這些理論與實(shí)踐方面的問題讓法律人遺憾,也讓我國眾多疾病患者無法享受到藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度的好處。 本文分為引言、正文、結(jié)語三大部分,其中正文由三章構(gòu)成： 首先,對藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度的基本內(nèi)涵和發(fā)展軌跡進(jìn)行介紹,以此為起點(diǎn),進(jìn)而對我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行梳理。之后考察了我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可的實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀。在實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀一節(jié),主要惜用我國典型案例——白云山版達(dá)菲事件來闡述。通過解讀我國專利法的規(guī)定與相關(guān)實(shí)踐,初步探討我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度存在的問題； 其次,介紹國外藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度的規(guī)定和典型實(shí)例,在此,選取了具有代表性且同為發(fā)展中國家的泰國和印度這兩個(gè)國家,來闡述其藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可的制度規(guī)定及實(shí)踐案例。之后對這兩個(gè)國家藥品強(qiáng)制許可的成功案例進(jìn)行評析。通過這種考察其他發(fā)展中國家成功實(shí)踐案例的方式,來吸取其寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn),完善我們的藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度； 最后,在剖析我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度的缺陷的基礎(chǔ)上,對比研究國外藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可成功案例,總結(jié)其給予我們的啟示和經(jīng)驗(yàn),同時(shí)立足于我國基本國情和實(shí)際情況,對我國藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可制度提出相關(guān)措施及完善建議,進(jìn)而找尋出一條中國特色的藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可路徑,以期更好地促進(jìn)我國專利法律體系的完善,及早地邁出藥品專利強(qiáng)制許可實(shí)踐的第一步,更好地保障我國國民的生存權(quán)與健康權(quán)。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern civilization and frequent international communication, various sudden epidemic diseases can wreak havoc on the whole world in a short time. At the same time, cancer, AIDS and other malignant diseases are afflicting people around the world. In the process of fighting the disease, all kinds of high-tech special-effect drugs become necessary for patients. In the developing and underdeveloped countries, the economic level is low, the science and technology are not developed, the consumption level of residents is limited, and the majority of patients can not get cheap patent drugs in full and on time. To this end, international legal documents, such as the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights, adopted by relevant international organizations, have set up a system of compulsory licensing of drug patents, with the aim of restricting patent rights and interests of drug patentees. To guarantee the right to life and health of those countries and people in urgent need of medicine. Against this background, in order to implement the spirit of international treaties, many countries, including China, have specified their drug patent compulsory licensing system by formulating and amending patent laws. Some developing countries have also taken the lead in such practices and achieved good results. Compared with them, there are still many problems in the relevant regulations of patent law of our country, such as the imperfect legal system, the disharmony between legal norms, the lack of scientific and reasonable provisions and so on. In practice, there is not a successful case of drug patent compulsory licensing in China. These problems in theory and practice make the legal people regret, and make many patients in our country unable to enjoy the benefits of the compulsory licensing system of drug patents. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text, conclusion, in which the text is composed of three chapters: first, the basic connotation and development track of the compulsory licensing system of drug patents are introduced, which is the starting point. Then the content of compulsory licensing system of drug patent in China is combed out. After that, the author examines the practice of compulsory licensing of drug patents in China. In the section of practice, we mainly use the typical case of Baiyun Mountain Tamiflu incident to explain. By interpreting the regulations and relevant practices of patent law of our country, this paper preliminarily discusses the problems existing in the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in China. Secondly, it introduces the regulations and typical examples of the compulsory licensing system of drug patents abroad. Two countries, Thailand and India, which are representative and developing countries, are selected to explain the regulations and practical cases of compulsory licensing of drug patents. After that, the successful cases of drug compulsory licensing in these two countries are evaluated. Through this way of examining successful practice cases in other developing countries, we can draw on their valuable experience and improve our compulsory licensing system for drug patents. Finally, On the basis of analyzing the defects of the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in China, this paper compares and studies the successful cases of compulsory licensing of drug patents abroad, sums up the inspiration and experience it gives us, and at the same time, bases itself on the basic conditions and actual conditions of our country. This paper puts forward relevant measures and suggestions to the compulsory licensing system of drug patents in China, and then finds out a path of compulsory licensing of drug patents with Chinese characteristics, in order to better promote the perfection of the patent legal system of our country. The first step of the compulsory licensing of drug patents should be taken as early as possible to better protect the rights of survival and health of Chinese people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D923.4

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