本文選題：隨鉆測井徑　切入點：換能器　出處：《長江大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對能源的依賴程度將越來越大,能源已成為直接影響國家安全、社會穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟建設(shè)的重要戰(zhàn)略資源。石油作為能源的主要組成部分,其重要性不言而喻。在石油的開采過程中,測井是不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)。如何低成本、高效率地測井一直以來都是石油企業(yè)所共同追求的目標(biāo)。 由于隨鉆測井與傳統(tǒng)的電纜測井相比具有測井信息更準確、經(jīng)濟效益更好、實時性更強等特點,在目前國外的石油開采中,海上裸眼井的測量幾乎都采用隨鉆測井技術(shù)來完成；在很多陸地的油田中,現(xiàn)有的電纜測井技術(shù)由于在應(yīng)用中存在著很大的風(fēng)險,一般也都用隨鉆測井技術(shù)來完成裸眼井的測量。然而,國內(nèi)對隨鉆測井的研究起步較晚,目前還沒有具有完全自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的隨鉆測井儀器。因此,對隨鉆測井技術(shù)的研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義和明顯的應(yīng)用價值。 本文主要研究隨鉆聲波測裸眼井的井徑,根據(jù)裸眼井的徑井?dāng)?shù)據(jù),便可以開展后續(xù)的固井等相關(guān)的決策工作。 本文第1章緒論部分介紹了隨鉆測井技術(shù)研究的目的和意義以及國內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r；第2章測量原理部分介紹了超聲波的特性以及超聲波測井徑的測量原理,并闡述了本課題的難點；第3章回波檢測方法與數(shù)據(jù)處理部分介紹了回波檢測的兩種方法以及對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理算法,并比較了兩種方法的優(yōu)劣；第4章控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)部分是本文中的重點,在該部分,首先介紹了儀器對控制系統(tǒng)的要求,緊接著根據(jù)控制要求介紹了基于FPGA的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的總體框架以及FPGA、 DSP、AD的選型。然后詳細地介紹了FPGA中7個模塊的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),并給出了各模塊的仿真結(jié)果圖；第5章介紹了調(diào)試過程及調(diào)試結(jié)果,第6章對本課題進行了總結(jié),并提出了幾點展望。 在本文中,運用了超聲波速度、傳播時間和傳播距離這三者之間的關(guān)系進行井徑的測量,即在已知超聲波的傳播速度的情況下,通過檢測并記錄換能器接收到的回波時間,計算出井徑信息�？紤]到測量精度和后續(xù)能否根據(jù)實際需要獲取更多的油井信息這一情況,本文中采用的回波檢測方法是全波列檢測,并且對回波信號進行數(shù)字化后再做匹配相關(guān)等處理,進而獲得回波時間,并計算出井徑信息。本文重點介紹了基于FPGA的控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),基于FPGA的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計主要包括7個大的模塊設(shè)計,分別是狀態(tài)機模塊、激勵信號模塊、AD數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、DA轉(zhuǎn)換模塊、命令解釋模塊、串行通訊接口(簡稱SCI)模塊、和節(jié)能模塊。其中,激勵部分產(chǎn)生激勵信號和多路選擇器的控制信號,激勵信號經(jīng)過激發(fā)電路后激勵換能器發(fā)出超聲波,多路選擇器控制4個超聲換能器回波的選通通道。AD數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊包括了FIFO的設(shè)計和AD芯片的控制,該模塊根據(jù)命令為AD芯片提供轉(zhuǎn)換的時鐘信號和片選信號,并將AD轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過串轉(zhuǎn)并后緩存到所設(shè)計的FIFO中。DA模塊為DA芯片提供轉(zhuǎn)換時鐘和寫時鐘,轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)作為壓控放大器的輸入電壓,從而控制回波信號的放大倍數(shù)。命令解釋模塊負責(zé)接收井上的命令,并將命令生成事先約定好的二進制數(shù)送給狀態(tài)機,同時根據(jù)命令完成井徑信息的傳輸。SCI模塊完成DSP和FPGA之間的通訊。這些模塊間的協(xié)調(diào)工作都由狀態(tài)機統(tǒng)一控制,通過最后的實驗調(diào)試結(jié)果的分析,證明了設(shè)計的正確性與合理性。
[Abstract]:With the development of national economy depends on the energy sources will become increasingly large, energy has become a direct impact on national security, an important strategic resource for social stability and economic development. The oil as the main component of energy, its importance is self-evident. In the process of drilling, logging is an indispensable link. How low cost, efficient logging petroleum enterprises has always been the common pursuit of the goal.
With the wireline logging compared with conventional logging with more accurate information, better economic benefits, more real-time characteristics, in the current foreign oil exploitation, marine measurement borehole almost all using LWD technology to complete the land; in many fields, the existing cable logging technology in in the application there is a great risk, generally using LWD Technology to complete the measurement borehole. However, the domestic research of late with the drilling and logging has not started, with completely independent intellectual property rights of LWD. Therefore, the research on MWD logging technology has important practical significance and the obvious application value.
In this paper, the diameter of the open hole well is measured with the sound wave. According to the data of the open hole well, the subsequent related decision work, such as cementing, can be carried out.
The first chapter introduced the study of LWD technology as well as the purpose and significance of development at home and abroad; the second chapter introduces the measuring principle of the measuring principle of the ultrasonic characteristics and ultrasonic logging diameter, and illustrates the difficulty of this topic; the third chapter echo detection method and the data processing part introduces two methods of echo detection and corresponding data processing algorithms, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of two methods; the fourth chapter design and Realization of control system is the key part of this paper, in this part, first introduced the instrument to control the system, then according to the control requirements of FPGA introduced the overall framework design of the control system and FPGA based on DSP, AD, the selection. And then describes in detail the design and Realization of 7 modules in FPGA, and gives the simulation results of each module; the fifth chapter introduces the debugging process and The result of debugging, the sixth chapter is a summary of the subject, and some prospects are put forward.
In this paper, the use of ultrasonic velocity, the relationship between the propagation time and the propagation distance of the three caliper measurements, known ultrasonic propagation velocity, the echo time detecting and recording the transducer received, calculate the borehole diameter information. Considering the measurement accuracy and follow-up can according to this a more well information needs, echo detection method is adopted in this paper to do the full wave detection, matching processing and the echo signal is digitized, and then get the echo time, and calculate the hole diameter information. This paper introduces the design and Realization of control system based on FPGA, the design of control system FPGA consists of 7 major modules are designed based on state machine module, excitation signal module, AD data acquisition module, DA conversion module, command interpretation module, serial communication interface. Port (SCI) module, and the energy saving module. Among them, the incentive on the part of the excitation signal and generates a control signal multiplexer, excitation signal after excitation circuit to emit ultrasonic transducer excitation, multiplexer control 4 ultrasonic transducer echo gated channel.AD data acquisition module includes the design of FIFO and AD chip, the module according to the commands for AD chip provides the clock signal and the chip selection signal conversion, and the.DA module AD conversion data through serial and cache to the designed FIFO DA chip provides the conversion clock and write clock, the converted data as the input voltage of the voltage controlled amplifier, amplification to control echo signal. Command interpretation module is responsible for receiving well on command, and the command generates a binary number agreed in advance to the state machine, at the same time according to the transmission of.SCI command completed wells size information The module completes the communication between DSP and FPGA. The coordination between these modules is controlled by state machine. The correctness and rationality of the design is proved through the analysis of the final experimental debugging results.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TE927.9

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