本文選題：螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副　切入點(diǎn)：進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：數(shù)控機(jī)床的大型化和高速化,不但要求機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速不斷提高,而且進(jìn)給速度也要求越來(lái)越快。常規(guī)的滾珠絲杠副,尤其是大型、重型高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床用的大行程絲杠副,自身重量較螺母大得多,因此絲杠旋轉(zhuǎn)慣性力很多,導(dǎo)致發(fā)熱、變形和能耗嚴(yán)重,變形的絲杠在旋轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中又會(huì)產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)和噪聲,降低了設(shè)備的工作精度。這是目前一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題。因此本研究根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的相對(duì)性,提出新型“螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副”,把傳統(tǒng)的“絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)方式”改為“螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)方式”。 本研究借助于數(shù)學(xué)建模、力學(xué)分析、計(jì)算分析軟件和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究等方法,在構(gòu)建滾動(dòng)體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、接觸模型及進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副高速傳動(dòng)性能進(jìn)行研究,研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括： 1.根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)理論,對(duì)高速螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副滾動(dòng)體運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)進(jìn)行分析。求解了滾珠滾動(dòng)速度與驅(qū)動(dòng)螺母軸轉(zhuǎn)速之間的運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)出滾動(dòng)體公轉(zhuǎn)和自轉(zhuǎn)角速度,求取雙螺母內(nèi)滾動(dòng)體接觸點(diǎn)位置及滑動(dòng)速度。理論分析得出相同驅(qū)動(dòng)速度時(shí)螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副滾動(dòng)體公轉(zhuǎn)和自轉(zhuǎn)角速度低于傳統(tǒng)的絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副滾動(dòng)體公轉(zhuǎn)和自轉(zhuǎn)角速度。 2.根據(jù)Hertz接觸理論,對(duì)高速螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副滾動(dòng)體接觸特性進(jìn)行分析。建立了軸向載荷、慣性效應(yīng)、位移約束聯(lián)合作用下的高速螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副接觸分析模型,應(yīng)用迭代法求解非線性方程組,分析了不同轉(zhuǎn)速和軸向力等工況下滾珠絲杠副接觸參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律。根據(jù)理論計(jì)算求取系統(tǒng)進(jìn)給加速度。結(jié)果表明滾珠絲杠副高速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),螺母組件內(nèi)接觸角、法向載荷以及彈性變形隨轉(zhuǎn)速和軸向載荷的變化而變化。與絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)型相比采用相同額定轉(zhuǎn)矩電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副降低了傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量,進(jìn)而降低系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)能耗,螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副可獲得更高進(jìn)給加速度,更具有高速性。 3.對(duì)預(yù)緊力可調(diào)的雙螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,首先建立滾珠絲杠副結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。分析了預(yù)緊力的變化對(duì)固有頻率的影響規(guī)律,主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的變化對(duì)系統(tǒng)低階固有頻率的影響。結(jié)果表明,進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)固有頻率具有時(shí)變性。與傳統(tǒng)的絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)型相比,采用螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副,提高了進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)低階固有頻率,可使系統(tǒng)具有更寬的通頻帶,提高系統(tǒng)的速度環(huán)增益和位置環(huán)增益,從而提高整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的快速響應(yīng)能力和加工精度。 4.建立了摩擦力矩的分析模型,分析了滾珠絲杠副摩擦力矩的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。研究軸向載荷、軌道制造誤差等對(duì)摩擦力矩的影響,分析了摩擦力知低頻波動(dòng)的原因。運(yùn)用彈流動(dòng)力潤(rùn)滑理論分析滾珠絲杠副的潤(rùn)滑狀態(tài)。結(jié)果表明軸向載荷、滾道波紋度是對(duì)摩擦力矩波動(dòng)性影響很大。 7.研制了螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副并實(shí)際應(yīng)用,借助超長(zhǎng)軸鍵槽銑削機(jī)床對(duì)螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副和絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)響應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)和溫升測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副系統(tǒng)第一階固有頻率大于絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副第一階固有頻率,在相同工作環(huán)境下絲杠驅(qū)動(dòng)型滾珠絲杠副傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)絲杠溫升總體大于螺母驅(qū)動(dòng)情況下絲杠的溫升。 本研究為高速精密滾珠絲杠副的設(shè)計(jì)、制造提供了理論和技術(shù)支持,為研制開發(fā)具有完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的高速精密滾珠絲杠副指出了一條切實(shí)可行的途徑,對(duì)提高我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床的制造水平有較大的理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Large scale and high speed CNC machine tool, not only requires the spindle speed increases, and the feed speed is faster and faster. The conventional ball screw, especially large, Heavy CNC machine tools with large stroke screw, nut weight itself is much larger, so the screw rotation inertia force, causing fever the deformation and energy consumption, serious deformation of the screw will generate vibration and noise in the rotation process, reduces the operation precision of the equipment. It is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Therefore this research based on the relativity of motion, a new type of ball screw nut drive ", the traditional" screw drive "to" drive nut. "
This study applies mathematical modeling, mechanical analysis, calculation and analysis method of software and experimental research, in the construction of the rolling body kinematics, contact dynamics model and based on the structure model of the feed system, the performance of ball screw nut driving type high speed transmission is studied, the main contents of the study include:
1. according to the kinematics theory of high speed ball screw nut drive type rolling body kinematics analysis. To solve the motion relationship between the rolling speed and driving screw shaft speed, roller revolution and rotation velocity is derived for the double nut rolling contact point position and sliding velocity. The theoretical analysis shows that the same drive speed nut driven ball screw roller revolution and rotation rate lower than the traditional screw driven ball screw roller revolution and rotation.
2. according to the Hertz contact theory of high speed ball screw nut driven rolling contact characteristics were analyzed. The establishment of axial load, inertial effect, type of ball screw nut with contact analysis model of high speed displacement constraints drive, using iterative method to solve nonlinear equations, analyzed the variation of contact parameters of ball the screw speed and the axial force in different conditions. According to the theoretical calculation for the system acceleration. The results show that the deputy high speed ball screw, nut assembly inner antennae, normal load and elastic deformation change with speed and axial load change. Compared with the same type and screw drive rated torque motor drive, drive nut type of ball screw drive system reduces the moment of inertia, thereby reducing the energy consumption of driving system, type of ball screw can obtain higher feed drive nut Degree, more high speed.
3. of the double nut with adjustable preload type ball screw drive side feed system structure dynamics analysis, firstly, the ball screw structure dynamics model. Analyzed the influence of variation of pretightening force on the natural frequency of the influence of the main design parameters of the low order natural frequencies of the system. The results show that the feed system the natural frequency is time-varying. Compared with the traditional screw driven by ball screw nut drive type, improve the low order natural frequency feed system, the system has a wider bandwidth, improve the system speed loop gain and position loop gain, so as to improve the ability of quick response and processing precision of the whole system.
4. establish the analysis model of friction torque, analyzes the produce mechanism of ball screw friction torque. On axial load, the impact of rail manufacturing errors of the friction torque, analyzes the reasons that low frequency fluctuation of friction. By using the theory of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of lubrication of ball screw. The results show that the axial load, raceway waviness is a great influence on the friction torque fluctuation.
7. developed driven ball screw nut and the practical application, with long shaft keyway milling machine for nut driven ball screw and screw driven ball screw vibration test and temperature rise test. Experimental results show that the type of ball screw nut driving system of the first order natural frequency is greater than the screw type ball screw drive Deputy First Order natural frequency, in the same working environment type screw driven ball screw drive mechanism screw nut drive temperature is greater than the overall situation of the screw temperature rise.
This study for the design of high speed and high precision ball screw, provides theoretical and technical support for manufacturing, research and development with independent intellectual property rights of high speed and high precision ball screw points out a feasible way, has great theoretical significance and practical application value to improve the level of NC manufacturing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TH113;TG659

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本文編號(hào)：1650791