本文選題：商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口　切入點(diǎn)：法律規(guī)制　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在國際貿(mào)易中,平行進(jìn)口現(xiàn)象由來已久。平行進(jìn)口(Parallel Importation)一般是指未經(jīng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)人授權(quán),將由權(quán)利人自己或經(jīng)其同意投放某一特定市場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)品,進(jìn)口至知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)人或者獨(dú)占被許可人所在的國家或者地區(qū)的行為。隨著貿(mào)易全球化和投資自由化的加快、各國對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的重視與加強(qiáng),平行進(jìn)口日益凸顯,商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口也越來越多地引起廣泛的關(guān)注。 由于所有的產(chǎn)品均與商標(biāo)有著極高的相關(guān)性,而其他種類的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán),尤其是專利權(quán),與商標(biāo)權(quán)更是相互交錯(cuò)、密不可分的。另外,由于商標(biāo)與發(fā)明創(chuàng)造和作品具有不同的價(jià)值來源和迥然不同的性質(zhì),在平行進(jìn)口問題上的相應(yīng)解決方法和依據(jù)也就不同。故本文以商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口的法律規(guī)制作為專門的討論對(duì)象。 多邊貿(mào)易體制的發(fā)展和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)國際保護(hù)加強(qiáng)是平行進(jìn)口產(chǎn)生的制度性根源,不同國家之間的價(jià)格差則直接導(dǎo)致了平行進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)生。進(jìn)口的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品是否與權(quán)利人具有關(guān)聯(lián)性是其最為關(guān)鍵的特征之一,更是判斷國際貿(mào)易行為是否屬于平行進(jìn)口的核心要素。以關(guān)聯(lián)性為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),平行進(jìn)口大致可以劃分為自己投放型、同意投放型和同出一源型三類。通過這些關(guān)于平行進(jìn)口的內(nèi)涵、發(fā)生機(jī)制、表現(xiàn)及其分類的研究,對(duì)于厘清其與商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口的關(guān)系從而正確認(rèn)識(shí)商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口,探究對(duì)商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口的法律規(guī)制進(jìn)而為司法實(shí)踐提供法律依據(jù)有著舉足輕重的意義。 在商標(biāo)產(chǎn)品的平行進(jìn)口問題上,從目前國際貿(mào)易司法實(shí)踐來看,對(duì)其法律規(guī)制最主要的依據(jù)為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法,權(quán)利窮盡原則、地域性原則和默示許可原則等有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法原則被引入,同時(shí)各國又在實(shí)踐中對(duì)其進(jìn)行了一定的創(chuàng)新和修正,并通過這些法律原則、理論形成的判例法或者成文法對(duì)平行進(jìn)口進(jìn)行規(guī)制。 盡管具有與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)密不可分的特殊性,但知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法并不能涵蓋平行進(jìn)口所有的規(guī)制依據(jù)。當(dāng)進(jìn)口國權(quán)利人為保護(hù)私利而限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行為超出知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法保護(hù)范圍時(shí),反壟斷法開始發(fā)揮作用。又因?yàn)殡S著貿(mào)易國際化的發(fā)展,國家間調(diào)整貿(mào)易條約越來越多,盡管并不直接針對(duì)平行進(jìn)口,卻對(duì)平行進(jìn)口產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。因此,除知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法以外,反壟斷法以及國際貿(mào)易條約都是構(gòu)成商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口的法律規(guī)制框架中的重要組成部分。 目前國際上對(duì)商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口并沒有統(tǒng)一的法律規(guī)定,在如何對(duì)待商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口問題上也沒有理論上的定論。從美國、歐盟、日本和印度等國家和地區(qū)的有關(guān)平行進(jìn)口的立法和司法實(shí)踐來看,以“國際窮盡原則加例外”的規(guī)制方法成為了對(duì)商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口規(guī)制的主流做法。但是,關(guān)于“例外”是如何規(guī)定的,各國又各有特色。通過與這些國家的比較借鑒,參考到我國有關(guān)商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口的立法現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)的案件實(shí)踐,提出了建立和完善我國商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口法律規(guī)制體系的建議：循序漸進(jìn)地將平行進(jìn)口納入《商標(biāo)法》,在對(duì)其進(jìn)行修改的過程中以國際窮盡為原則,兼采實(shí)質(zhì)差異例外和獨(dú)占許可人例外；充分發(fā)揮《反壟斷法》及其他法律的作用,從而構(gòu)建起以《商標(biāo)法》為主體,《反壟斷法》、《對(duì)外貿(mào)易法》等法律為補(bǔ)充的完善的有關(guān)商標(biāo)平行進(jìn)口的法律規(guī)制體系。
[Abstract]:In international trade, the phenomenon of parallel importation. The parallel import of long-standing (Parallel Importation) generally refers to intellectual property without authorization of the people, by the people who own the rights or consent by the delivery of a particular market products, imported into the intellectual property owner or exclusive licensee in countries or regions with accelerating behavior. The globalization of trade and investment liberalization, countries attach great importance to the protection of intellectual property rights and strengthen the parallel import of trademark parallel imports has become increasingly prominent, more and more attention.
Because all of our products have a high correlation with the trademark, and other types of intellectual property, especially the patent right and trademark right is mutually staggered, inseparable. In addition, due to the nature of trademark and inventions and works with different sources of value and totally different, on the issue of parallel importation method and basis the corresponding solution is also different. So this paper takes the legal regulation of trademark parallel imports as the object of discussion specifically.
The development of the multilateral trading system and strengthen the international protection of intellectual property is a system of parallel import sources and the price difference between different countries is a direct result of parallel imports of intellectual property is produced. The import of products with the right person whether the association is one of the most key characteristics, it is the judgment of international trade behavior whether to belong to the core elements of parallel import. With relevant standard, parallel imports can be roughly divided into himselfon type, and agreed to release the same source of three types of parallel imports. The connotation, mechanism, research findings and classification, to clarify its relationship with the trademark parallel import to a correct understanding of trademark research on legal regulation of parallel import of trademark parallel imports and provide a legal basis for the judicial practice has important significance.
In the parallel import of trademark products, from the current practice of international trade law, on the basis of the legal regulation is the main intellectual property rights law, the principle of exhaustion of rights, the principle of territoriality and implied license principle of intellectual property law principle is introduced, at the same time in the practice of the countries and made some innovations and correction, and through these legal principles, the formation of the theory of case law or statute law on the regulation of parallel imports.
Although the particularity of closely related with the protection of intellectual property rights, but intellectual property law does not cover all regulations on parallel import. When import rights and human protection or restrict competition behavior beyond the scope of protection of intellectual property law, antitrust law began to play a role. Because with the development of international trade, adjustment between countries more and more trade treaty, although not directly against parallel imports, but have a certain impact on parallel imports. Therefore, in addition to intellectual property law, antitrust law and international trade treaties are an important part of the legal regulation of trademark parallel imports in the framework.
The parallel import of trademark and no uniform law, there is no theoretical conclusion on how to deal with the parallel import of trademark issues. From the United States, European Union, Japan and India and other countries and regions about parallel import legislation and judicial practice, the regulation methods of international exhaustion and exception "become the mainstream approach to parallel import of trademark regulation. However, on the" exception "is how the provisions of the countries they have different characteristics. By comparison with these countries, reference to China's relevant legislation of parallel import of trademark and related cases in practice, put forward to establish and perfect the system of legal regulation of parallel import of trademark in China suggestion: step by step parallel import into the" trademark law ", in the process of making modifications to the international exhaustion principle and substantive difference exception and exclusive license We should give full play to the role of the "anti-monopoly law" and other laws, so as to build a complete legal regulation system which is supplemented by the trademark law as the main body, the anti-monopoly law and the foreign trade law.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D923.43

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