本文選題：海關(guān)監(jiān)管　切入點(diǎn)：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)　出處：《寧波大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海關(guān)在進(jìn)出境環(huán)節(jié)對貨物進(jìn)行侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)監(jiān)管，具體來說一個國家或地區(qū)的海關(guān)，在對貨物、物品進(jìn)行進(jìn)出境日常的監(jiān)督管理過程中，依照本國的法律法規(guī)確保所進(jìn)出境的貨物、物品不會侵犯受本國法律保護(hù)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。海關(guān)監(jiān)管的目的，是為了保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人的合法權(quán)利，更是為了維護(hù)國際貿(mào)易的公平公正，促進(jìn)本國與其他國家間的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)交流和發(fā)展。世貿(mào)組織的《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》明確了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)海關(guān)監(jiān)管的范圍，但由于其規(guī)定的模糊性，給各國在執(zhí)法過程中提供了選擇的機(jī)會。使得世界各發(fā)達(dá)國家根據(jù)各國的具體情況進(jìn)行選擇性執(zhí)法。中國“入世”的時間較晚，且是一個發(fā)展中國家，在“入世”談判時不免被大國所綁架。中國海關(guān)對進(jìn)出境貨物進(jìn)行知識產(chǎn)權(quán)監(jiān)管，法定范圍超出了《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議》的強(qiáng)制性最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，立足點(diǎn)也高于歐盟、美國等世界上一些發(fā)達(dá)國家，但如此高的立足點(diǎn)與中國海關(guān)的執(zhí)法能力不相適應(yīng)，，由此導(dǎo)致了中國海關(guān)在辦理侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)案件中一大堆疑難問題的出現(xiàn)，面對這些疑難問題，漸漸的我們遠(yuǎn)離了自己處事的基本原則。因?yàn)樵趯?shí)務(wù)中，通關(guān)效率也是海關(guān)考核的重要內(nèi)容之一，同時還要兼顧知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人與進(jìn)出境貨物收發(fā)貨人雙方的權(quán)益。但是執(zhí)法過程中疑難案件的辦結(jié)是否預(yù)示著我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)海關(guān)監(jiān)管制度已經(jīng)達(dá)到了完美呢？我們可能還是無法樂觀。作者從海關(guān)現(xiàn)行的監(jiān)管模式切入，采用比較分析法，通過實(shí)例分析和法理研究進(jìn)行論述。因?yàn)橹袊ｊP(guān)在監(jiān)管范圍、監(jiān)管方式、司法協(xié)作等方面存在法律規(guī)定不明確、不合理的問題，以及在平行進(jìn)口、定牌加工性質(zhì)上國人認(rèn)識不統(tǒng)一的問題，還有原本應(yīng)該與海關(guān)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)監(jiān)管站在同一戰(zhàn)壕的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人，其為追究個體利益，運(yùn)用監(jiān)管存在的漏洞，置海關(guān)于尷尬之境的問題，使得中國海關(guān)維護(hù)公平正義的價值理念難以伸張。在這種情況下，中國海關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)從自身利益的長足發(fā)展出發(fā)，根據(jù)國家的基本國情，從各個層面著手應(yīng)對，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)國際貿(mào)易的公平公正、和諧自由。在列舉了海關(guān)日常監(jiān)管中存在的問題之后，作者提出了改良建議。最終也是想確立一個既符合國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，又能最大限度保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利人和國家正當(dāng)利益的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)監(jiān)管模式，在公平正義下趨利避害，努力建設(shè)一個國際與國內(nèi)、海關(guān)與社會、權(quán)利人與社會大眾共贏的環(huán)境，促使我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度的進(jìn)一步完善。
[Abstract]:In the entry and exit links, the Customs supervises the infringement of intellectual property rights on goods. Specifically, the customs of a country or region, in the course of daily supervision and administration of goods and articles in and out of the country, Ensure, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the State, that goods and articles entering or leaving the country do not infringe upon intellectual property rights protected by the law of the State... the purpose of customs control is to protect the legitimate rights of the person who has the right to intellectual property, In order to safeguard the fairness and fairness of international trade and to promote the exchange and development of intellectual property rights between China and other countries, the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights of the World Trade Organization defines the scope of customs supervision of intellectual property rights. However, due to the ambiguity of its provisions, it provides countries with an opportunity to choose in the course of law enforcement and makes the developed countries in the world carry out selective law enforcement according to the specific conditions of each country. China's "accession to the WTO" is relatively late, and it is a developing country. During the WTO negotiations, they were inevitably kidnapped by big countries. The Chinese Customs has exercised intellectual property rights supervision over inward and outward goods. The legal scope of the law exceeds the mandatory minimum standards of the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights (trips), and its foothold is also higher than that of the EU. Some developed countries in the world, such as the United States, but such a high foothold do not match the law enforcement capacity of the Chinese Customs, which has resulted in the emergence of a large number of difficult problems in handling intellectual property infringement cases by the Chinese Customs, and faced with these difficult problems. Gradually, we moved away from the basic principles of our own work. Because in practice, customs clearance efficiency is also an important part of customs assessment. At the same time, we should also take into account the rights and interests of both the owner of intellectual property rights and the consignor and consignee of inbound and outbound goods. However, does the conclusion of difficult cases in the course of law enforcement indicate that the customs supervision system of intellectual property rights in China has reached perfection? We may still be unable to be optimistic. The author uses comparative analysis, case analysis and jurisprudence to discuss from the current mode of customs supervision, because the Chinese Customs is in the scope of supervision and the mode of supervision. Judicial cooperation and other aspects of the legal provisions are not clear, unreasonable problems, as well as parallel imports, licensing processing in the nature of the Chinese people do not understand the problem of unity, There is also the problem of the holders of intellectual property rights who should have stood in the same trench as customs intellectual property supervision, in order to investigate the individual interests, use the loopholes existing in the supervision and put the customs in an awkward situation. This makes it difficult for the Chinese Customs to uphold the value of fairness and justice. In this case, the Chinese Customs should proceed from the rapid development of its own interests and proceed from various levels in the light of the basic national conditions of the country. After enumerating the problems existing in the daily customs supervision, the author puts forward some suggestions for improvement. Finally, he also wants to establish a system that conforms to the international standards. And the intellectual property supervision mode which can protect the intellectual property right holders and the legitimate interests of the state to the maximum extent, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages under the condition of fairness and justice, and strive to build a win-win environment between international and domestic, customs and society, right holders and the general public. To promote the further improvement of intellectual property protection system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F752.5

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