本文關(guān)鍵詞： 干氣密封 高速 仿生設(shè)計(jì) 鳥翼 穩(wěn)定性　出處：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：離心壓縮機(jī)用于氣體的壓縮和輸送,是石油化工、能源輸運(yùn)等行業(yè)中的“心臟”設(shè)備。隨著離心壓縮機(jī)向大軸徑、高速、高壓等高參數(shù)方向發(fā)展,干氣密封易遭受氣膜失穩(wěn)、磨損和端面變形等威脅,嚴(yán)重影響壓縮機(jī)乃至整個(gè)生產(chǎn)裝置的正常運(yùn)行。我國“十二五”規(guī)劃中也明確提出要重點(diǎn)發(fā)展大型壓縮機(jī)高可靠性機(jī)械密封裝置和高性能非接觸式機(jī)械密封�？梢�,研究開發(fā)大型高速壓縮機(jī)用高性能、高可靠性干氣密封,并實(shí)現(xiàn)完全自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán),對(duì)于保證高速壓縮機(jī)的長周期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行乃至我國的能源安全具有重要的實(shí)際意義和戰(zhàn)略意義。從高速飛鳥翼翅宏觀構(gòu)形和羽翼結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)層面出發(fā),建立了典型高速飛鳥的多元耦合遞階層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型;基于工程仿生學(xué)方法,提出并構(gòu)建了干氣密封典型仿鳥翼形端面型槽的幾何模型和參數(shù)體系;基于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法分析了飛鳥翼翅外形輪廓與干氣密封端面型槽之間的關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)律,論證了基于飛鳥翼翅外形的端面型槽仿生的可行性和有效性。建立干氣密封端面型槽穩(wěn)態(tài)密封性能分析的數(shù)學(xué)模型,基于完全析因設(shè)計(jì)方法,獲得了干氣密封螺旋槽關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)選值,為后續(xù)仿生型槽的性能對(duì)比分析提供統(tǒng)一對(duì)比基準(zhǔn)。提出壓縮數(shù)壓力比這一綜合表征工況條件的特征參數(shù),在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)明并優(yōu)選出集束仿生槽和微列仿生槽兩種綜合密封性能優(yōu)異的典型仿生型槽。通過對(duì)高速條件下上述兩種典型仿生型槽干氣密封端面壓力場和速度場的數(shù)值模擬仿真分析,揭示了典型仿生型槽在高速條件下能保持較低泄漏率的同時(shí)顯著提升氣膜剛度的作用機(jī)理,獲得了關(guān)鍵幾何結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)典型仿生型槽干氣密封性能的影響規(guī)律,給出了上述結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)選值范圍。為驗(yàn)證數(shù)值分析結(jié)果,自主搭建了彈簧比壓可調(diào)、氣膜厚度和泄漏率可測的高速干氣密封實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,提出一種測量干氣密封端面氣膜剛度的新方法,實(shí)驗(yàn)測試了典型仿生型槽干氣密封在靜壓條件和高速低壓條件下的密封性能,分析了關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工況參數(shù)對(duì)其密封性能的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,與普通螺旋槽相比,典型仿生型槽在高速低壓條件下的氣膜剛度提升20%~50%,泄漏率降低20%~40%,是兩種綜合密封性能優(yōu)異的端面型槽結(jié)構(gòu);槽深、介質(zhì)壓力和彈簧比壓等參數(shù)對(duì)干氣密封性能影響明顯�；谖_法和有限差分法,考慮軸向擾動(dòng)建立干氣密封氣膜動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析數(shù)學(xué)模型,推導(dǎo)出表征氣膜軸向動(dòng)態(tài)特性的剛度系數(shù)和阻尼系數(shù)計(jì)算表達(dá)式,并通過與文獻(xiàn)值的結(jié)果對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了程序和數(shù)值分析方法的正確性。借鑒高速飛鳥翼翅的收斂構(gòu)形,對(duì)比分析了普通螺旋槽和典型收斂型槽兩類干氣密封的氣膜動(dòng)態(tài)特性,指出收斂型槽能顯著提升密封低頻擾動(dòng)下的阻尼特性,從而避免自激振動(dòng)發(fā)生。對(duì)比分析了典型仿生型槽干氣密封的軸向氣膜動(dòng)態(tài)特性,研究了關(guān)鍵幾何結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)其氣膜動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明典型仿生型槽在高頻擾動(dòng)時(shí)具有更佳的阻尼特性,而在低頻擾動(dòng)時(shí)剛度特性更佳,且型槽結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)氣膜動(dòng)態(tài)特性的影響顯著�；趬嚎s數(shù)壓力比這一特征參數(shù)提出一種快速判斷典型仿生型槽適用工況范圍的型槽選型新方法,給出了典型仿生型槽性能參數(shù)增量比與壓縮數(shù)壓力比的擬合表達(dá)式。借鑒離心泵選型型譜圖,提出不同工況條件下典型仿生型槽關(guān)鍵幾何結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)選型譜圖,以解決型槽結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)選值隨工況條件而變化導(dǎo)致無法正確選型和定型的問題,為仿鳥翼形端面型槽干氣密封的工程選型與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供指導(dǎo)。論文的研究成果較系統(tǒng)地提出了高速干氣密封端面型槽仿生設(shè)計(jì)的理論與方法,可為大型高速旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械用高性能干氣密封的工程選型與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal compressor for compressing and conveying gas, petrochemical, energy, transport and other industries in the "heart". With the centrifugal compressor to large diameter, high speed, high pressure and high parameter direction, dry gas seal is vulnerable to gas film instability, wear and deformation of face threat seriously affects the normal operation of the compressor and the whole production equipment. China's "12th Five-Year" plan also explicitly proposed to focus on the development of large-scale compressor high reliability of mechanical seal and non-contact mechanical seal device and high performance. Therefore, research and development of large-scale high-speed compressor with high performance, high reliability of the dry gas seal, and to achieve a completely independent intellectual property rights, it is important to ensure practical significance and strategic significance of long period stable operation of high speed compressor and the energy security of our country. From the macro configuration and high speed bird wing wing structure of the two layer of, Establishment of a multi coupled hierarchical structure model of typical high-speed birds; bionics method based on geometric model is proposed and the parameter system of dry gas seal face groove shape with typical imitation; based on the statistical analysis of the bird wing shape and dry gas seal association rules between face groove, demonstrates the feasibility of the end groove shape of the wings of birds bionic and effectiveness. Based on mathematical model analysis of seal groove dry gas seal steady-state performance, full factorial design method based on optimal selection of dry gas key structural parameters of spiral groove seal value, provide a unified benchmark for performance comparison analysis. Subsequent bionic groove feature the number of compression pressure ratio parameters are put forward a comprehensive characterization of working conditions, on the basis of the invention and the selection of cluster bionic groove and two kinds of micro column bionic groove density comprehensive The typical bionic groove sealing properties. Through dry gas of high speed under the conditions of the two typical bionic groove seal numerical simulating analysis of velocity field and pressure field of face, reveal the typical bionic groove can keep a low leakage rate and significantly improve the mechanism of gas film stiffness in the condition of high speed the influence of key geometrical parameters of typical bionic groove dry gas seal performance, optimization of the structure parameters is given value. In order to verify the results of numerical analysis, we build a spring pressure adjustable, film thickness and leakage rate can be measured in high speed dry gas seal test device, puts forward a new method for measurement of dry gas seal gas film stiffness, tested the seal performance in static condition and high speed under low pressure conditions typical of bionic groove dry gas, analyzes the key structure parameters and operating parameters on the density Influence of sealing performance. The results show that compared with the ordinary spiral groove gas film in high speed under low pressure conditions typical bionic groove stiffness to improve 20%~50%, reduce leakage rate of 20%~40%, is the two comprehensive seal groove structure excellent performance; groove depth, medium pressure and spring pressure parameters of dry gas the sealing performance is obvious. The perturbation method and the finite difference method based on the establishment of stem axial perturbation analysis mathematical model of dynamic characteristics of gas film seal, calculation formula of stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient deduced the axial dynamic characterization of gas film, and by comparison with literature values of the results verify the correctness of the program and numerical analysis methods. From the configuration of high speed convergence bird wings, comparative analysis of the dynamic characteristics of ordinary gas film spiral groove and groove of two kinds of typical convergence of dry gas seal, pointed out that the convergence groove can significantly improve the sealing of low frequency disturbance The damping characteristic, so as to avoid the occurrence of self-excited vibration. Comparative analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the axial gas film typical bionic groove dry gas seal, studied the key geometric structural parameters on the dynamic behavior of gas film. The results show that the typical bionic groove with better damping characteristics in high frequency disturbance, and in low frequency when the disturbance of stiffness is better, and the parameter type groove structure influence on the dynamic characteristics of the gas film is significant. The number of compression pressure ratio characteristic parameters and proposes a rapid new method to determine the range of applicable conditions of typical groove type bionic groove based on the fitted parameters of typical bionic groove performance increment ratio and compression pressure ratio the reference spectrum is presented. Selection of a centrifugal pump type, spectrum optimization type proposed key parameters of geometric structure of typical bionic groove under different conditions, in order to solve the optimization of structure parameters of groove with condition The conditions can lead to the correct selection and setting of the problem, provide guidance for engineering selection and optimization design of gas seal for imitation bird shaped face groove. The research results of the thesis systematically puts forward the theory and method of high speed dry gas seal face groove of bionic design, which can provide the theoretical basis for large rotating machinery with high speed project selection and design optimization of high performance of dry gas seal.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH452;TH136
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本文編號(hào)：1453056