我國(guó)污染環(huán)境罪若干問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-20 07:30
【摘要】：改革開放以來(lái),我國(guó)高速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)讓世界矚目,與此同時(shí),環(huán)境問(wèn)題也日益突出,尤其是近年來(lái)發(fā)生的空氣污染、地下水污染、土壤污染等一系列環(huán)境污染事件,引起了社會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的高度關(guān)注。國(guó)家也逐步加強(qiáng)對(duì)環(huán)境的重視,黨的十七大首次將“生態(tài)文明”寫入報(bào)告,十八大首次將“生態(tài)文明”納入我國(guó)“五位一體”的總體戰(zhàn)略布局,2013年11月召開的十八屆三中全會(huì)首次提出“用制度保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境”,這在一定程度上說(shuō)明需要用重典來(lái)懲治污染環(huán)境犯罪,嚴(yán)厲打擊污染環(huán)境犯罪成為建設(shè)“美麗中國(guó)”的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),需要不斷推進(jìn)。 2011年5月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國(guó)刑法修正案(八)》及2013年6月19日起實(shí)施的《最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院關(guān)于辦理環(huán)境污染刑事案件適用法律若干問(wèn)題的解釋》,這些都是近年我國(guó)刑事立法在環(huán)境保護(hù)上取得的進(jìn)步,但我國(guó)目前仍屢發(fā)的特大、重大環(huán)境污染事件,說(shuō)明我國(guó)立法層面對(duì)污染環(huán)境罪的規(guī)定還存在很多不足之處。為了使刑法更好的懲治污染環(huán)境犯罪、保護(hù)環(huán)境資源,本文結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外的立法及實(shí)踐,分析現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)污染環(huán)境罪存在的問(wèn)題,提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策,以期進(jìn)一步完善污染環(huán)境罪的相關(guān)立法。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分： 第一部分是污染環(huán)境罪的概述。通過(guò)對(duì)該罪發(fā)展歷程、涉及的相關(guān)概念以及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡述,深化對(duì)該罪的了解,為更好地探討該罪作好鋪墊。 第二部分是從案例出發(fā),分析我國(guó)污染環(huán)境罪在司法實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而對(duì)我國(guó)污染環(huán)境罪的構(gòu)成要件和刑罰適用及罪名體系問(wèn)題進(jìn)行研究。其中涉及多方面的觀點(diǎn)、多層次的分析,旨在尋究該罪的不足之處,發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題所在。 第三部分是對(duì)國(guó)外關(guān)于污染環(huán)境犯罪的立法及實(shí)踐中的部分判例進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單介紹、分析研究,總結(jié)出值得我國(guó)借鑒的部分。 第四部分是針對(duì)我國(guó)污染環(huán)境罪立法上存在的不足及司法實(shí)踐中的缺陷提出切實(shí)可行的完善化建議。構(gòu)成要件方面,客體方面主張明確確立環(huán)境法益為客體、客觀方面主張?jiān)鲈O(shè)危險(xiǎn)犯、主觀方面主張確定故意為罪過(guò)形態(tài)；刑罰適用及罪名體系方面,主張引入嚴(yán)格責(zé)任原則、提高法定刑、增設(shè)處罰方式、完善罰金刑、細(xì)化罪名。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapidly developing economy has attracted the attention of the world. At the same time, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. In particular, a series of environmental pollution incidents, such as air pollution, groundwater pollution, soil pollution and so on, have occurred in recent years. Has aroused the society to the environment question high attention. The state has also gradually strengthened its emphasis on the environment. For the first time, the 17th National Congress of the Party has included "ecological civilization" in the report, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has for the first time incorporated "ecological civilization" into the overall strategic layout of China's "five-in-one". The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 proposed for the first time that "the ecological environment should be protected by the system," which to a certain extent indicates that it is necessary to punish the crime of polluting the environment with a heavy code. Cracking down on the crime of polluting the environment has become an important link in the construction of "beautiful China" and needs to be continuously promoted. The Amendment to the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (8), which came into effect on May 1, 2011, and the Supreme people's Court, which came into effect on June 19, 2013, Explanation by the Supreme people's Procuratorate on several issues applicable to the Law in handling Criminal cases of Environmental pollution. These are the progress made in our country's criminal legislation on environmental protection in recent years. It shows that there are still many deficiencies in the regulation of environmental pollution crime in our country. In order to make the criminal law punish the crime of polluting the environment and protect the environment resources better, this paper, combining the legislation and practice at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the crime of pollution of the environment in our country at present, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. In order to further improve the pollution of the environment related legislation. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the crime of environmental pollution. Through the development of the crime, the related concepts and characteristics are expounded to deepen the understanding of the crime, in order to better explore the crime. The second part is based on the case, analyzes the problems existing in the judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in our country, and then studies the constitutive elements, penalty application and charge system of the pollution environmental crime in our country. It involves a variety of views, multi-level analysis, in order to find out the shortcomings of the crime and find out where the problem lies. The third part is a brief introduction to the foreign legislation and practice of environmental pollution crime part of the case, analysis and research, summed up the part worthy of reference in our country. The fourth part is to put forward practical and perfect suggestions on the deficiency of legislation and judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in our country. In terms of the constitutive elements, the object claims to establish the interests of environmental law as the object, the objective side advocates the establishment of dangerous crime, and the subjective aspect advocates the determination of intent as the form of crime; In the aspect of penalty application and charge system, it is advocated to introduce strict liability principle, improve legal penalty, add punishment method, perfect fine penalty and refine charge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.36
本文編號(hào)：2426942
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapidly developing economy has attracted the attention of the world. At the same time, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. In particular, a series of environmental pollution incidents, such as air pollution, groundwater pollution, soil pollution and so on, have occurred in recent years. Has aroused the society to the environment question high attention. The state has also gradually strengthened its emphasis on the environment. For the first time, the 17th National Congress of the Party has included "ecological civilization" in the report, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has for the first time incorporated "ecological civilization" into the overall strategic layout of China's "five-in-one". The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 proposed for the first time that "the ecological environment should be protected by the system," which to a certain extent indicates that it is necessary to punish the crime of polluting the environment with a heavy code. Cracking down on the crime of polluting the environment has become an important link in the construction of "beautiful China" and needs to be continuously promoted. The Amendment to the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (8), which came into effect on May 1, 2011, and the Supreme people's Court, which came into effect on June 19, 2013, Explanation by the Supreme people's Procuratorate on several issues applicable to the Law in handling Criminal cases of Environmental pollution. These are the progress made in our country's criminal legislation on environmental protection in recent years. It shows that there are still many deficiencies in the regulation of environmental pollution crime in our country. In order to make the criminal law punish the crime of polluting the environment and protect the environment resources better, this paper, combining the legislation and practice at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the crime of pollution of the environment in our country at present, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. In order to further improve the pollution of the environment related legislation. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the crime of environmental pollution. Through the development of the crime, the related concepts and characteristics are expounded to deepen the understanding of the crime, in order to better explore the crime. The second part is based on the case, analyzes the problems existing in the judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in our country, and then studies the constitutive elements, penalty application and charge system of the pollution environmental crime in our country. It involves a variety of views, multi-level analysis, in order to find out the shortcomings of the crime and find out where the problem lies. The third part is a brief introduction to the foreign legislation and practice of environmental pollution crime part of the case, analysis and research, summed up the part worthy of reference in our country. The fourth part is to put forward practical and perfect suggestions on the deficiency of legislation and judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in our country. In terms of the constitutive elements, the object claims to establish the interests of environmental law as the object, the objective side advocates the establishment of dangerous crime, and the subjective aspect advocates the determination of intent as the form of crime; In the aspect of penalty application and charge system, it is advocated to introduce strict liability principle, improve legal penalty, add punishment method, perfect fine penalty and refine charge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.36
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