【摘要】：被害人承諾理論充分尊重了被害人的自主決定權,并且契合了刑法的謙抑精神。對被害人承諾理論進行研究,不僅有利于進一步明確相關行為人的刑事責任,并且可以準確的對行為人進行定罪量刑。但是以我國現(xiàn)在刑事法學的研究現(xiàn)狀來說,對被害人承諾相關問題研究的尚不夠深入,仍有進一步探索的空間。本文通過對國內(nèi)外對于被害人承諾導入罪刑判定進行思考,提出了自己的一些想法,希望能對被害人承諾在我國的立法和司法發(fā)展提供一些理論依據(jù)。 全文分為四個部分,共36000字。 第一部分：被害人承諾影響罪刑判定的立法以及司法現(xiàn)狀。首先,對域外以及域內(nèi)關于被害人承諾的立法做了簡單的、有代表性的論述。筆者認為,相較于域外刑法中對被害人承諾的明文規(guī)定以及分則中的相關被害人承諾的具體規(guī)定體現(xiàn)被害人承諾對定罪量刑的影響,我國刑法對于被害人承諾的規(guī)定仍屬空白,這對于實踐中出現(xiàn)類似情況極為不利。其次,通過對域外及國內(nèi)被害人承諾在司法過程中的影響進行相比較,可以看出,由于我國未有關于被害人承諾的相關立法規(guī)定,導致實踐中涉及到此類司法問題時,由于法官素質及相關部門的考慮不同,相同或相似的情形可能導致不同的法律結果。 第二部分：被害人承諾導入定罪量刑機制的必要性分析。通過對被害人承諾在我國的立法與司法現(xiàn)狀的缺陷分析以及根源探究,將被害人承諾導入罪刑判定機制是使被害人成為法律主體,促進刑法機能實現(xiàn)以及實現(xiàn)刑法的謙抑目標,促進法律公平之實現(xiàn)的必然要求。 第三部分：被害人承諾導入定罪量刑機制的實現(xiàn)途徑。首先,應當確立被害人在刑事法律關系中的主體地位。然后,分別在總則與分則中對被害人承諾予以立法明確。在刑法總則中,應當將其置于正當防衛(wèi)和緊急避險之后,作為一條正當性事由。而對于被害人承諾在分則中的法定化,則在被害人承諾問題比較典型的性行為、醫(yī)療行為、故意傷害行為以及拐賣行為中分別予以論述：對于性行為中的“違背被害人意志”的認定的問題,提出應當依據(jù)一定的客觀情況來判斷被害人對性行為所持的同意或者不同意的態(tài)度。而對于醫(yī)療行為中推定的被害人承諾是否有效的問題,必須遵循有利代理原則。當權利人失去承諾能力時,代理人基于特定的關系可以代替被害人做出推定的承諾,但是必須符合權利人的利益。而是否符合權利人的利益的判斷標準在醫(yī)療行為中的標準也很簡單明了,就是以保護生命、減小生命危險以及最大限度的降低權利承載者的傷害程度的順序來進行利益衡量。而對于得到被害人承諾的拐賣行為,根據(jù)優(yōu)勢法益的分析比較,拐賣行為的最大法益應當是個人不被買賣的自由,當此法益被放棄時,法律則不應當對其進行干涉。
[Abstract]:The theory of victim commitment fully respects the independent decision of the victim and accords with the modesty spirit of criminal law. The research on the theory of victim commitment is not only conducive to further clarify the criminal responsibility of the relevant actors, but also can accurately convict and sentence the perpetrator. However, with the present situation of criminal law research in our country, the research on victim commitment is not deep enough, and there is still room for further exploration. In this paper, the author thinks about the victim's commitment to the crime and punishment judgment, and puts forward some ideas, hoping to provide some theoretical basis for the victim's commitment to the legislative and judicial development in our country. The full text is divided into four parts, a total of 36000 words. The first part: the victim promises to influence the legislation and the judicial status. Firstly, the author makes a simple and representative discussion on the legislation of victim commitment. The author believes that, compared with the explicit provisions on the victim's commitment in the extraterritorial criminal law and the specific provisions of the relevant victim's commitment in the sub-rule, which reflect the effect of the victim's commitment on the conviction and sentencing, the provisions of our criminal law concerning the victim's commitment are still blank. This is extremely disadvantageous to the occurrence of similar situations in practice. Secondly, by comparing the influence of the foreign and domestic victim commitment in the judicial process, we can see that because of the absence of relevant legislative provisions on victim commitment in China, this kind of judicial issues are involved in practice. The same or similar circumstances may lead to different legal outcomes due to the different qualities of judges and the consideration of relevant departments. The second part: the analysis of the necessity of the victim's commitment to introduce the conviction and sentencing mechanism. By analyzing the defects of the victim's commitment in our country's legislation and judicature and probing into the root cause, it is necessary to introduce the victim's promise into the judgment mechanism of crime and punishment, which is to make the victim become the subject of law, to promote the realization of the function of criminal law and to realize the modest goal of criminal law. The inevitable requirement of promoting the realization of legal fairness. The third part: the victim promises to introduce the conviction and sentencing mechanism. First of all, we should establish the subjective position of the victim in the criminal legal relationship. Then, in the general principles and sub-provisions of the victim commitment to legislation. In the general principles of criminal law, it should be placed after legitimate defense and emergency avoidance as a legitimate reason. For the legalization of the victim's commitment in the specific provisions, the victim's commitment is more typical of sexual behavior and medical behavior. Intentional injury and abduction are discussed separately: the problem of "against the will of the victim" in the sexual act, The author suggests that the victim's consent or disapproval to sexual behavior should be judged according to certain objective circumstances. The principle of favorable agency must be followed to solve the problem of whether the presumed victim's commitment is effective or not. When the obligee loses the commitment ability, the agent based on the specific relationship can make the presumptive commitment instead of the victim, but it must be in the interest of the obligee. And the standard of judging whether it accords with the benefit of the right holder is also very simple and clear, which is to measure the benefit by the order of protecting life, reducing the danger of life and minimizing the degree of injury of the right bearer. According to the analysis and comparison of the advantage legal interest, the biggest legal benefit of the abduction behavior should be the individual's freedom not to be bought and sold, and the law should not interfere with it when the profit is given up.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D914

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本文編號：2286249