【摘要】：考試是國(guó)家選拔人才及檢驗(yàn)人才水平的重要方式,隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和迅速發(fā)展,社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來越激烈,在功利思想的驅(qū)使下,人們往往選擇通過考試作弊獲取不正當(dāng)利益來達(dá)到最終目的�？荚囎鞅追簽E的現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重破壞了國(guó)家考試制度和正常的社會(huì)管理秩序,嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了考生公平公正的權(quán)利。2015年8月,全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)審議通過了《中華人民共和國(guó)刑法修正案(九)》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《修九》),在《修九》第25條中,共有四款條文規(guī)定了有關(guān)考試作弊的刑事責(zé)任,其中第1款和第2款規(guī)定的是組織考試作弊行為,《罪名補(bǔ)充規(guī)定》將這兩款罪名確定為——組織考試作弊罪。組織考試作弊罪的制定,雖然從法律應(yīng)然層面解決了法律依據(jù)問題,但在立法方面仍存在不足之處,需要完善立法。在司法適用方面也存在認(rèn)定不清的問題,需要司法解釋進(jìn)一步明確。本文將從組織考試作弊罪相關(guān)法律規(guī)定出發(fā),對(duì)學(xué)者們爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)問題進(jìn)行提煉、整合,結(jié)合學(xué)者們的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。本文主要分為三個(gè)章節(jié)進(jìn)行研究論證:第一章,是本文的緒論,其中第一部分是簡(jiǎn)述本文的選題背景和選題意義;第二部分是分析和整合國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)組織考試作弊罪相關(guān)問題研究做的文獻(xiàn)綜述;第三部分是本文在研究過程中使用的研究方法。第二章,簡(jiǎn)述我國(guó)組織考試作弊罪的立法問題。第一部分是組織考試作弊罪的立法概況,其中包括行政法規(guī)的相關(guān)規(guī)定以及《修九》中關(guān)于組織考試作弊罪的立法規(guī)定�！缎蘧拧奉C布前,我國(guó)主要是通過行政處罰的手段來處理考試作弊行為,但由于打擊力度不夠大,效果并不明顯。因此《修九》將組織考試作弊罪納入刑法規(guī)制,加大了對(duì)組織考試作弊行為的懲罰力度,不僅對(duì)改革與完善教育法起到鼓舞與促進(jìn)作用,也能有效遏制作弊現(xiàn)象泛濫的趨勢(shì)。第二部分,主要是關(guān)于組織考試作弊罪中立法存在的問題。本文以該罪的構(gòu)成要件為出發(fā)點(diǎn),圍繞該罪主觀、客觀、主體、客體四個(gè)方面中存在的問題進(jìn)行闡述并分析,以此提出該罪在立法方面未明確的概念問題,如“國(guó)家考試”范圍不明確的問題、“組織行為”如何界定的問題、“考試作弊”行為如何界定以及與“一般違紀(jì)行為”的區(qū)別的問題、組織考試作弊罪中“其他幫助行為”的認(rèn)定問題等。針對(duì)這些問題,筆者通過分析國(guó)家考試的基本概念和分類,明確了“法律規(guī)定的國(guó)家考試”的范圍;通過比較本罪“組織行為”與其他罪組織行為的不同,分析“其他幫助”行為與本罪“組織行為”的關(guān)系,對(duì)本罪“組織”行為和“其他幫助”行為進(jìn)行了明確的界定;通過對(duì)比“考試作弊”與“一般違紀(jì)”的對(duì)比,確定了考試作弊的范圍。對(duì)本罪立法不明確的概念加以明確規(guī)定,以確保在司法實(shí)踐中得以有效地實(shí)施。第三章,主要是關(guān)于組織考試作弊罪在司法認(rèn)定方面存在的問題�！缎蘧拧穼�(duì)組織考試作弊罪在司法適用中關(guān)于“罪與非罪”、“情節(jié)嚴(yán)重”、“共犯”、“犯罪既遂”的認(rèn)定問題沒有做具體規(guī)定,因此在司法實(shí)踐過程中,就會(huì)產(chǎn)生概念模糊,導(dǎo)致適用困難和適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一等情況。因此本文著重討論組織考試作弊罪中“罪與非罪”的認(rèn)定、“情節(jié)嚴(yán)重”的認(rèn)定,“共犯”的認(rèn)定、“犯罪既遂”的認(rèn)定這四個(gè)問題。針對(duì)這幾個(gè)問題,筆者通過對(duì)“罪與非罪”、“情節(jié)嚴(yán)重”、“共犯”“犯罪既遂”的概念分別進(jìn)行闡述,并結(jié)合刑法相關(guān)理論知識(shí)分析,對(duì)這幾個(gè)問題的認(rèn)定予以確定,以期待該罪在今后司法適用過程中能得到正確理解和運(yùn)用。
[Abstract]:Examination is an important way of selecting talents and checking talent level in the country. With the progress of society and the rapid development of society, social competition becomes more and more intense. Under the driven of utility ideology, people often choose to obtain improper benefits through examination cheating to achieve the ultimate goal. The phenomenon of cheating in the examination seriously damaged the state examination system and the normal social management order, seriously damaged the right of the examinee to be fair and just. In August 2015, The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) has considered the adoption of the amendments to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (9) (hereinafter referred to as" 9) ", and in Article 25 of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China, there are four provisions which provide for criminal responsibility for cheating in the examination. Article 1 and paragraph 2 provide for the examination of cheating in the organization, and the" supplementary regulations on charges" shall be determined as the crime of cheating on the examination of the organization examination. The formulation of the crime of organizing examination cheating, although the legal basis problem is solved from the legal basis, there are still some shortcomings in the legislation, and the legislation needs to be improved. In the judicial application, there are problems that are not clear, and the judicial interpretation is further clarified. This paper, based on the relevant legal provisions of the organization examination cheating crime, makes an analysis of the focus of the scholars' controversy, combining the scholars' point of view. The thesis is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1, the introduction of this paper, the first part is the background of the topic selection and the significance of the topic selection. The third part is the research method used in the research process. The second chapter introduces the legislative problem of organizing examination cheating in our country. The first part is the legislative outline of the organization examination cheating crime, which includes the relevant provisions of the administrative regulations and the legislative provisions on the crime of organizing examination cheating in 9>. Before promulgation, our country mainly deals with cheating in examination by means of administrative penalty, but it is not obvious because it is not strong enough. Therefore, it is not only encouraging and promoting the reform and perfecting the education law, but also can restrain the tendency of the cheating phenomenon effectively. The second part is the question about the existence of legislation in the crime of organizing examination cheating. Based on the constitutive requirements of the crime, this paper expounds and analyzes the problems existing in the four aspects of subjective, objective, subject and object of the crime. National Examination the scope is not clear, "Organizational Behavior" how to define the problem, "cheating in the exam" How the behavior is defined and associated with "General Hospital" The difference between the problem of the distinction of the organization examination and the crime of cheating. Other help behavior Identification issues, etc. In view of these problems, the author analyzes the basic concept and classification of national examination, and makes clear that National Examination as prescribed by Law The scope of a crime; by comparing the crime. "Organizational Behavior" Different from other crime organization behavior, analysis Additional Help Behavior and Crime "Organizational Behavior" The relationship between the crime and the crime "Organization" Behavior and Additional Help A clear definition of conduct; by contrast. "cheating in the exam" AND "General discipline" By contrast, the scope of cheating in the exam was determined. The concept of ambiguous legislation is clearly defined in order to ensure that it is effectively implemented in judicial practice. The third chapter mainly deals with the problems in the judicial cognizance of the crime of organizing examination cheating. <10. 9> The crime of cheating in the organization examination is related to the application of justice Crime and Non-sin, "If the circumstances are serious"," accomplice "," Crime is not only "The identification problem did not specifically stipulate that, in the course of judicial practice, the concept of ambiguity would arise, resulting in the application of difficulties and the non-inferiority of applicable standards. Therefore, this paper focuses on discussing the crime of organizing examination cheating Crime and Non-sin in the opinion of the Secretary-General," If the circumstances are serious" in the opinion of the Secretary-General, "accomplice" in the opinion of the Secretary-General, "Crime is not only" These four questions are identified. In view of these problems, the author tries to solve these problems Crime and Non-sin, "If the circumstances are serious"," Accomplices" and "Crime" The concept of the crime is elaborated separately, and combined with the relevant theoretical knowledge analysis of criminal law, the determination of these problems is determined so as to expect the crime to be correctly understood and applied in the future judicial application process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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