犯罪成立視野內(nèi)的被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-20 09:35
【摘要】：當(dāng)我們對(duì)犯罪過(guò)程進(jìn)行回顧時(shí)時(shí)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),被害人在犯罪的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程中有著舉足輕重的作用,甚至在一些情況下,沒(méi)有被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)行為就不會(huì)有犯罪行為的發(fā)生。被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)的核心在于被害人在對(duì)事件的共同責(zé)任如何影響不法。文章以被害人的概念為入手點(diǎn),將刑法中的被害人范圍界定為法益保有人,進(jìn)而展開對(duì)被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)的相關(guān)分析,厘清刑法意義上的被害人過(guò)錯(cuò),是被害人出于故意或過(guò)失,與犯罪行為之間具有一定的因果關(guān)系(也就是被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)行為需要達(dá)到一定的程度),并對(duì)危害結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了實(shí)質(zhì)性的影響。也就是說(shuō)對(duì)于被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)刑法意義的考量,必須要結(jié)合被害人主體條件、過(guò)錯(cuò)行為與犯罪行為之間的關(guān)系以及過(guò)錯(cuò)與危害結(jié)果之間關(guān)系三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行。 英美法系、大陸法系的國(guó)家已經(jīng)對(duì)刑法中的被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)問(wèn)題在立法中予以體現(xiàn),而在刑法理論界關(guān)于被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)影響犯罪成立的理論依據(jù)也有著不同的學(xué)說(shuō)。對(duì)于犯罪成立視野內(nèi)的被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)應(yīng)當(dāng)予以體系化、規(guī)范化分析。首先在構(gòu)成要件符合性中,被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)作為一種異常的、特殊的情形的介入可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致行為與結(jié)果間因果關(guān)系的中斷,從而否定了因果性。同時(shí)在互動(dòng)關(guān)系密切的具體犯罪構(gòu)成要件中,例如交通肇事罪,被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)的存在可能會(huì)排除行為構(gòu)成要件該當(dāng)性。其次,在違法性的判斷中,需要承認(rèn)被害人擁有自我處置法益的權(quán)限,而損害結(jié)果發(fā)生時(shí),需要考慮到法益受到侵害或者威脅是否是由于被害人自身的決定行為造成的。行為人自身的任意妄為行為造成損害結(jié)果發(fā)生的,由法益保有人自己承擔(dān)不利的后果,主要存在在被害人自冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、被害人故意自危時(shí)的共同作用、被害人非法侵害他人的法益的情形中。最后,在有責(zé)性的主觀層面的判斷中,被害人對(duì)于行為人期待可能性的影響將直接關(guān)系到刑事責(zé)任的有無(wú)�？傊�,被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)在犯罪成立的三階層體系中都有著不可忽視的作用。 對(duì)于我國(guó)刑事立法中涉及被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)問(wèn)題的有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行歸納。在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)刑法分則中被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)對(duì)于具體犯罪構(gòu)成影響分布較為集中的罪名進(jìn)行分析,重點(diǎn)列舉了故意殺人、故意傷害罪、交通肇事罪、強(qiáng)奸罪以及詐騙罪,最后提出在現(xiàn)有刑法資源下如果加強(qiáng)對(duì)刑事被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)的認(rèn)定,并提出自己的立法建議：在刑法總則中增加被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)條款,并以司法解釋的形式對(duì)于被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)程度大小、適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行量化；在刑法分則中,對(duì)于被害人過(guò)錯(cuò)比較集中的罪名可以進(jìn)行特別的規(guī)定,以期能夠準(zhǔn)確、公正的認(rèn)定刑事責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:When we review the process of crime, we often find that the victim plays an important role in the process of crime, even in some cases, there will be no crime without the fault of the victim. The core of the victim's fault lies in how the victim's joint responsibility for the incident affects wrongfulness. Taking the concept of victim as the starting point, the article defines the scope of the victim in the criminal law as the legal interest holder, and then carries out the related analysis of the victim's fault, and clarifies that the victim's fault in the meaning of criminal law is the victim's intentional or negligent. There is a certain causality between the crime and the crime (that is, the victim's fault behavior needs to reach a certain degree), and it has a substantial impact on the harm result. That is to say, for the consideration of the criminal meaning of the victim's fault, we must combine the subjective condition of the victim, the relationship between the fault act and the criminal act and the relationship between the fault and the harm result. In Anglo-American law system and civil law system, the victim fault in criminal law has been embodied in the legislation, and there are different theories in the criminal law theory that the victim fault affects the establishment of the crime. The victim's fault should be systematized and standardized. Firstly, in the conformance of the constitutive elements, the victim's fault as a kind of abnormal, special situation may lead to the interruption of the causal relationship between the behavior and the result, thus negating the causality. At the same time in the closely related specific elements of the crime such as traffic accident crime the existence of the victim's fault may exclude the behavior constitutive elements should be appropriate. Secondly, in the judgment of illegality, it is necessary to recognize that the victim has the authority to deal with the legal interest, and when the result of the damage occurs, it is necessary to consider whether the legal interest is infringed or threatened because of the victim's own decision. If the act of arbitrary conduct of the perpetrator results in damage, the legal interest holder shall bear the adverse consequences, mainly in the joint role of the victim when he risks himself and the victim intentionally. In the case where the victim illegally infringes upon the legal interests of others. Finally, in the subjective judgment of the responsibility, the influence of the victim on the expected possibility of the perpetrator will directly affect the existence or not of the criminal responsibility. In a word, the fault of victim plays an important role in the three-class system of crime. The related provisions of our criminal legislation concerning the fault of the victim are summarized. On this basis, according to the criminal law sub-provisions of the victim fault for the specific crime constitute a more concentrated distribution of charges, focusing on the list of intentional homicide, intentional injury, traffic accident crime, rape and fraud crime, Finally, if we strengthen the identification of the fault of the criminal victim under the existing criminal law resources, and put forward our own legislative suggestions: to add the victim fault clause in the general provisions of criminal law, and to the degree of fault of the victim in the form of judicial interpretation. The applicable standards can be quantified; in the special provisions of criminal law, special provisions can be made for crimes where the victims' fault is relatively concentrated, in order to identify criminal responsibility accurately and fairly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924
本文編號(hào)：2282745
[Abstract]:When we review the process of crime, we often find that the victim plays an important role in the process of crime, even in some cases, there will be no crime without the fault of the victim. The core of the victim's fault lies in how the victim's joint responsibility for the incident affects wrongfulness. Taking the concept of victim as the starting point, the article defines the scope of the victim in the criminal law as the legal interest holder, and then carries out the related analysis of the victim's fault, and clarifies that the victim's fault in the meaning of criminal law is the victim's intentional or negligent. There is a certain causality between the crime and the crime (that is, the victim's fault behavior needs to reach a certain degree), and it has a substantial impact on the harm result. That is to say, for the consideration of the criminal meaning of the victim's fault, we must combine the subjective condition of the victim, the relationship between the fault act and the criminal act and the relationship between the fault and the harm result. In Anglo-American law system and civil law system, the victim fault in criminal law has been embodied in the legislation, and there are different theories in the criminal law theory that the victim fault affects the establishment of the crime. The victim's fault should be systematized and standardized. Firstly, in the conformance of the constitutive elements, the victim's fault as a kind of abnormal, special situation may lead to the interruption of the causal relationship between the behavior and the result, thus negating the causality. At the same time in the closely related specific elements of the crime such as traffic accident crime the existence of the victim's fault may exclude the behavior constitutive elements should be appropriate. Secondly, in the judgment of illegality, it is necessary to recognize that the victim has the authority to deal with the legal interest, and when the result of the damage occurs, it is necessary to consider whether the legal interest is infringed or threatened because of the victim's own decision. If the act of arbitrary conduct of the perpetrator results in damage, the legal interest holder shall bear the adverse consequences, mainly in the joint role of the victim when he risks himself and the victim intentionally. In the case where the victim illegally infringes upon the legal interests of others. Finally, in the subjective judgment of the responsibility, the influence of the victim on the expected possibility of the perpetrator will directly affect the existence or not of the criminal responsibility. In a word, the fault of victim plays an important role in the three-class system of crime. The related provisions of our criminal legislation concerning the fault of the victim are summarized. On this basis, according to the criminal law sub-provisions of the victim fault for the specific crime constitute a more concentrated distribution of charges, focusing on the list of intentional homicide, intentional injury, traffic accident crime, rape and fraud crime, Finally, if we strengthen the identification of the fault of the criminal victim under the existing criminal law resources, and put forward our own legislative suggestions: to add the victim fault clause in the general provisions of criminal law, and to the degree of fault of the victim in the form of judicial interpretation. The applicable standards can be quantified; in the special provisions of criminal law, special provisions can be made for crimes where the victims' fault is relatively concentrated, in order to identify criminal responsibility accurately and fairly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924
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