【摘要】：根據(jù)刑法第389條的規(guī)定，“為謀取不正當(dāng)利益”是行賄罪的構(gòu)成要件，“不正當(dāng)利益”的準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)定對(duì)于行賄罪的認(rèn)定有重要的意義。 “不正當(dāng)利益”從字面上可理解為不能滿足最基本的道德要求或違背了社會(huì)規(guī)范的利益，在學(xué)理上亦存在有“非法利益說(shuō)”、“違法利益說(shuō)”、“職務(wù)違反說(shuō)”、“手段不正當(dāng)說(shuō)”等諸多學(xué)說(shuō)觀點(diǎn)。在實(shí)務(wù)中，其定義也不斷被修改。行賄罪中的“不正當(dāng)利益”應(yīng)該包括以下二種類型：一是實(shí)體性利益，即違反法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章、政策規(guī)定的利益；二是程序性利益，即違反法律、法規(guī)、規(guī)章、政策、行業(yè)規(guī)范的規(guī)定提供幫助或者方便條件。 綜合立法規(guī)定和我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段的國(guó)情，把“為謀取不正當(dāng)利益”認(rèn)定為行賄罪的必備構(gòu)成要件更有利于打擊受賄犯罪，，其體現(xiàn)的是行為人主觀上意圖獲取“不正當(dāng)利益”的目的，屬于行賄罪的主觀要件，同時(shí)它是行為人實(shí)施送錢送物行為的內(nèi)心起因，是行賄人實(shí)施行賄犯罪行為的動(dòng)機(jī)。 當(dāng)前在司法實(shí)踐中認(rèn)定“不正當(dāng)利益”，首先應(yīng)當(dāng)選用2013年《最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院關(guān)于辦理行賄刑事案件具體應(yīng)用法律若干問(wèn)題的解釋》作為判斷“不正當(dāng)利益”的基礎(chǔ)，再綜合考量行賄人的主觀目的，正確認(rèn)定“不正當(dāng)利益”。如對(duì)于“日常送錢送物進(jìn)行‘感情投資’行為是否可以認(rèn)定為行賄”這一問(wèn)題，可以從送收錢物人雙方真實(shí)的日常關(guān)系狀況、行為人的動(dòng)機(jī)、財(cái)物給予的針對(duì)性和行為后果四個(gè)方面來(lái)分析；在追繳“不正當(dāng)利益”的問(wèn)題上，應(yīng)審慎控制需要追繳的“不正當(dāng)利益”范圍，對(duì)于“不正當(dāng)財(cái)產(chǎn)性利益”應(yīng)予以追繳或者責(zé)令退賠，對(duì)“其他不正當(dāng)利益”應(yīng)由有關(guān)部門依照相關(guān)規(guī)定予以處理。
[Abstract]:According to the provisions of Article 389 of the Criminal Law, "to seek improper interests" is the constitutive element of the crime of bribery, and the accurate identification of "improper interests" is of great significance to the determination of the crime of bribery. "improper interests" can be understood literally as failing to satisfy the most basic moral requirements or violating the social norms. In theory, there are also "illegal interests", "illegal interests" and "duty violations". "improper means of saying" and many other theoretical points of view. In practice, its definition has been constantly revised. The "improper interests" in the crime of bribery should include the following two types: one is the substantial interests, that is, the interests that violate the laws, regulations, regulations and policies; the other is the procedural interests, that is, the violation of the laws, regulations, rules and policies, The provisions of the industry regulations provide assistance or convenient conditions. According to the comprehensive legislative provisions and the current situation of our country, it is more advantageous to crack down on the crime of bribery by considering "seeking for improper interests" as the necessary constituent elements of the crime of bribery, which embodies the intention of the perpetrator to obtain "improper interests" subjectively. It belongs to the subjective elements of bribery crime, and it is the inner cause of the behavior of giving away money and things, and the motive of bribing people to carry out the crime of bribery. In the current judicial practice, we should first choose the "Supreme people's Court" in 2013 to determine "improper interests." The Supreme people's Procuratorate's explanation on the specific Application of Law in handling Criminal cases of bribery > as the basis for judging "improper interests", and then synthetically considering the subjective purpose of the bribe-givers, correctly recognizing "improper interests". For example, the question of whether the "emotional investment" behavior of "giving money and giving things daily" can be regarded as a bribe, can be derived from the real daily relationship between the two parties, and the motive of the perpetrator. The pertinence of property giving and the consequences of behavior are analyzed, and the scope of "improper interests" that need to be recovered should be carefully controlled on the issue of recovery of "improper interests". "improper property interests" shall be recovered or ordered to be returned and compensated, and "other improper interests" shall be dealt with by relevant departments in accordance with relevant provisions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.392

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