發(fā)布時間：2018-05-26 19:28

  本文選題：恐怖活動犯罪 + 恐怖主義��； 參考：《四川師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,恐怖活動犯罪發(fā)展迅速,嚴重影響了人們的生命健康等人身權及財產權,也對我國的公共安全、社會秩序造成了嚴重破壞,打擊恐怖分子,打擊恐怖活動犯罪,勢在必行。而恐怖活動犯罪雖出現(xiàn)在我國《刑法》、《刑事訴訟法》、《反恐怖主義法》等多部法律中,但是,恐怖活動犯罪的具體含義是什么,卻一直沒有統(tǒng)一答案[1]。因此,對恐怖活動犯罪這一概念做出清晰界定便成了當務之急。本文引入敵人刑法理論和社會契約論,并結合《反恐怖主義法》相關規(guī)定,對恐怖活動犯罪的內涵和外延進行重新界定:恐怖活動犯罪是指個人或單位為實現(xiàn)其政治、意識形態(tài)的目的,針對民用設施、非武裝人員等非戰(zhàn)斗性目標或者國家機關、國際組織等戰(zhàn)斗性目標,以暴力、破壞、恐嚇等手段,侵犯公民人身權、財產權,危害社會公共秩序、公共安全的行為。而具體的恐怖活動犯罪可分為確定態(tài)恐怖活動犯罪、可能態(tài)恐怖活動犯罪。此外,還存在與恐怖活動犯罪密切相關的恐怖活動外圍犯罪�？植阑顒臃缸锼m用的刑事政策有基本原則和具體原則。處理恐怖活動犯罪的三項基本原則是“堅持嚴格依法辦案”、“堅持寬嚴相濟、區(qū)別對待”、“堅持執(zhí)行宗教、民族政策”�！皣绤柎驌�、從重處罰”則是對基本原則的細化,也是我們應在各類恐怖活動犯罪中具體實施的刑事政策。需要特別注意,我國的恐怖活動犯罪雖然集中在新疆、西藏等宗教信徒眾多的少數(shù)民族區(qū)域,但是,恐怖活動犯罪自身并不與某一宗教掛鉤,不管是基督教,佛教,還是伊斯蘭教,幾乎所有的宗教的共同點都是倡導善和美,提倡的是仁愛與和平,并不引誘信徒實施犯罪行為,侵害國家或他人利益�？v然部分恐怖分子是某一宗教的信徒,其宣稱實施恐怖活動犯罪是受某一宗教教義啟發(fā),也不宜將恐怖活動犯罪與該宗教掛鉤。因為,行為人對宗教教義的曲解,不代表該宗教自身與恐怖活動的直接聯(lián)系。我國憲法規(guī)定了公民宗教信仰自由,國家保護公民信仰宗教的權利,在打擊恐怖活動犯罪中,我們也要更加注意保護公民的宗教信仰自由,切勿將恐怖組織與特定宗教混同。此外,對恐怖活動犯罪人雖然要實行“嚴厲打擊,從重處罰”的刑事政策,但是,我們依然要注意對被告人人權的保障�！皣绤柎驌�,從重處罰”并非沒有限制,現(xiàn)代社會是法治社會,也是人權社會,任何事情都必須依法進行,不能超過“法律”的準線,否則便失去該事物本身的價值和意義。對任何人的處罰和規(guī)制都必須尊重其作為人的所應享有的基本權利,即使是對實施了恐怖活動犯罪的行為人也應如此,只有在合法的框架下,保證人權的條件下,“從嚴從重”的形勢政策才能真正起到遏制犯罪的作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the crime of terrorist activities has developed rapidly, which has seriously affected the personal rights and property rights of people, such as life and health, and has also caused serious damage to the public safety and social order of our country, cracking down on terrorists and cracking down on crimes of terrorist activities. It is imperative. Although the crime of terrorist activity appears in many laws, such as Criminal Law, Criminal procedure Law, Anti-Terrorism Law and so on, there is no uniform answer to what the specific meaning of the crime of terrorist activity is. Therefore, it is urgent to define the concept of terrorist crime clearly. This paper introduces the theory of enemy criminal law and the theory of social contract, and combines with the relevant provisions of the Anti-Terrorism Law to redefine the connotation and extension of the crime of terrorist activity: the crime of terrorist activity refers to the individual or the unit in order to realize their politics. The purpose of ideology is to violate citizens' personal rights and property rights by means of violence, sabotage and intimidation against civilian installations, unarmed personnel and other non-combatant targets, or by State organs and international organizations. The act of endangering public order and public safety. The specific terrorist activity crime can be divided into certain terrorist activity crime and possible terrorist activity crime. In addition, there are also terrorist crimes closely related to terrorist activities. The criminal policy applicable to the crime of terrorist activity has basic principles and specific principles. The three basic principles in dealing with the crime of terrorist activities are "to strictly handle cases according to law", "to persist in combining leniency and strict punishment, and to treat them differently", and "to adhere to the policy of religion and nationality." "strike hard, punish severely" is a refinement of the basic principles and a criminal policy that we should implement in all kinds of terrorist crimes. We should pay special attention to the fact that although the crimes of terrorist activities in our country are concentrated in the ethnic minority areas where there are many religious believers in Xinjiang and Tibet, the crimes of terrorist activities themselves are not linked to any particular religion, whether Christian or Buddhist. Or Islam, the common denominator of almost all religions is to advocate kindness and beauty, to advocate benevolence and peace, and not to induce believers to commit criminal acts against the interests of the state or others. Even if some terrorists are followers of a certain religion, it is not appropriate to link the crime of terrorist activity with that religion because it is inspired by the doctrine of a certain religion. Because the perpetrator's misinterpretation of religious doctrine does not represent the direct connection between the religion itself and terrorist activities. The Constitution of our country stipulates the freedom of religious belief of citizens, and the state protects the right of citizens to believe in religion. In cracking down on the crime of terrorist activities, we should pay more attention to protecting the freedom of religious belief of citizens, and do not confuse terrorist organizations with specific religions. In addition, we should pay attention to the protection of the human rights of the defendants, although we should carry out the criminal policy of "severely cracking down and severely punishing" the perpetrators of terrorist activities. "strike hard, punish severely" is not without restriction, modern society is a society ruled by law, is also a society of human rights, everything must be carried out according to law, can not exceed the line of "law", otherwise it will lose the value and significance of the thing itself. The punishment and regulation of any person must respect his or her fundamental rights as human beings, even for the perpetrators of terrorist crimes, and only within the framework of legality and under conditions that guarantee human rights, The "strict and important" situation and policy can really play a role in curbing crime.
【學位授予單位】：四川師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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