本文選題：代孕 + 刑法應(yīng)對(duì)��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：科技是一把雙刃劍,應(yīng)用的好會(huì)造福千秋萬(wàn)代,而一旦被別有用心的人濫用,科技的危害也是不可估量的。代孕作為人工輔助生殖技術(shù)的一種也具有科技的這一兩面屬性。伴隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,人民生活水平顯著提高,但與此同時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)過快、粗放發(fā)展帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問題尚未解決,比如近期發(fā)生的霧霾等,嚴(yán)重的影響著國(guó)民的身體健康。再加上國(guó)民在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期的壓力、焦慮,我國(guó)育齡人群的不孕不育比例甚至達(dá)到了12.5%。代孕技術(shù)的不斷完善,成功幫助眾多不孕不育夫婦擁有了自己的孩子,然而我國(guó)行政規(guī)章明文規(guī)定：嚴(yán)禁任何形式的代孕。這一規(guī)定不僅沒有阻擋住代孕的市場(chǎng),反而催生了地下代孕市場(chǎng),眾多的代孕公司、代孕媽媽加入到這一行列,我國(guó)的代孕市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)出一片亂象。我國(guó)行政規(guī)章雖然明文規(guī)定禁止代孕,但是只規(guī)定了針對(duì)醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)及醫(yī)務(wù)人員的行政處罰。雖然規(guī)定輔助生殖技術(shù)只能由醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)開展,但并未規(guī)定其他機(jī)構(gòu)如開展輔助生殖技術(shù)該如何處罰。同時(shí),我國(guó)刑法并無(wú)任何關(guān)于代孕犯罪的相關(guān)規(guī)定,總體來(lái)說,代孕的規(guī)制,不管是民法、行政法還是刑法都處于真空的狀態(tài)。 本文認(rèn)為代孕作為人工輔助生殖技術(shù)的一種,其本身是合法合理的。我們不能因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)技術(shù)存在濫用的可能性就全面否定其給人類帶來(lái)的巨大福利。我國(guó)應(yīng)該試著逐步放開對(duì)代孕的限制,學(xué)習(xí)英國(guó)等其他國(guó)家的做法,有限度的開放代孕。本文在我國(guó)全面禁止代孕的背景下作了一個(gè)大膽的假設(shè),借鑒臺(tái)灣針對(duì)代孕的最新規(guī)定假設(shè)我國(guó)允許開放委托代孕方男方的精子與委托代孕方女方的卵子形成受精卵的代孕行為、委托代孕方男方的精子與捐卵者的卵子形成受精卵的代孕行為及捐精者的精子與委托代孕方女方的卵子形成受精卵的代孕行為,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探討我國(guó)代孕涉及的犯罪問題。作者認(rèn)為這種假設(shè)是十分有必要的。顯而易見,全面禁止代孕并未有效的規(guī)制我國(guó)的代孕市場(chǎng),我國(guó)未規(guī)定任何針對(duì)實(shí)施代孕的民間機(jī)構(gòu)及個(gè)人的處罰性規(guī)定,不能不說是基于對(duì)現(xiàn)存代孕市場(chǎng)存在必要性的考慮。借鑒其他國(guó)家的做法,逐步放開代孕勢(shì)在必行。代孕一旦有限度的放開其犯罪問題將變得更加嚴(yán)峻,急需我國(guó)刑法予以規(guī)制。 本文共分五個(gè)部分,第一章探討作為人工輔助生殖技術(shù)的代孕,基于輔助生殖技術(shù)的概念理解代孕的內(nèi)涵、代孕的種類；第二章代孕行為刑事立法梳理,分別分析了美國(guó)、英國(guó)、法國(guó)及我國(guó)的代孕刑事立法。第三章我國(guó)代孕行為刑法應(yīng)對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù),分析了我國(guó)非法代孕行為刑法規(guī)制的不足、必要性和緊迫性。第四章分析我國(guó)代孕入罪的界限,分別研究了我國(guó)民眾與學(xué)界對(duì)代孕行為的立法態(tài)度,并對(duì)劃一性禁止代孕行為的立法態(tài)度從法理學(xué)、生命倫理學(xué)角度及我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況進(jìn)行了否定。第五章非法代孕罪及其犯罪構(gòu)成,探討了非法代孕罪的新設(shè)及其犯罪構(gòu)成。
[Abstract]:Science and technology is a double-edged sword, the good application of the good will benefit thousands of generations, and once the abuse of the people with ulterior motives, the harm of science and technology is immeasurable. The environmental problems caused by the rapid economic development and extensive development have not been solved, such as the recent fog and haze, which seriously affect the health of the people. In addition, the pressure and anxiety of the people in the period of social transformation and anxiety, the proportion of infertility in the people of child-bearing age in our country even reached the continuous improvement of the 12.5%. technology, which successfully helped many infertility and infertility. The couple owns their own children, but the administrative rules and regulations of our country stipulate that no form of surrogate is strictly prohibited. This rule not only does not stop the market of surrogate, but has brought up the subsurface surrogate market, many surrogate companies, the surrogate mother joined the ranks, and the surrogate market in our country presents a mess. Although it stipulates the prohibition of surrogate, it only stipulates administrative penalties for medical institutions and medical personnel. Although it is stipulated that auxiliary reproductive technology can only be carried out by medical institutions, it does not stipulate how to punish other agencies such as assisted reproductive technology. At the same time, there is no relevant provisions concerning the crime of surrogate in the criminal law of our country. For example, the regulation of surrogacy, whether in civil law, administrative law or criminal law, is in a vacuum.
This article thinks that surrogate is a kind of artificial assisted reproductive technology. It is legitimate and reasonable. We can not completely deny the great welfare that it brings to mankind because of the possibility of abuse of a technology. We should try to liberate the restriction of surrogate, learn the practice of other countries such as Britain and other countries, and have a limited open surrogate. In this paper, a bold hypothesis is made under the background of the total prohibition of surrogate in China. It is assumed that the spermatozoon of the surrogate man and the egg of the principal surrogate woman are allowed to form the surrogate of the fertilized egg of the female side of the surrogate, and the sperm of the male of the surrogate man and the egg of the donor in Taiwan will be commissioned to form the fertilized egg. The behavior of surrogate and spermatozoon's spermatozoa and the surrogate behavior of the fertilized egg of the principal surrogate woman, and on the basis of this, discuss the crime related to the surrogate in our country. The author thinks this hypothesis is very necessary. It is obvious that the total prohibition of surrogate does not effectively regulate the surrogate market in our country. It is necessary to consider the necessity of the existing surrogate market, which is based on the provisions of the civil institutions and individuals for the implementation of the surrogacy. It is imperative to gradually release the surrogate by drawing on the practice of other countries.
This article is divided into five parts. The first chapter discusses the conception of surrogate as an artificial assisted reproductive technology, the concept of surrogate based on the concept of assisted reproductive technology, the type of surrogate; the second chapter of the criminal legislation of the act of surrogate, the criminal legislation of the United States, Britain, France and China respectively. The third chapter of the criminal law of our country's surrogate behavior On the basis of reality, this paper analyzes the insufficiency, necessity and urgency of the criminal law regulation of illegal surrogate behavior in China. The fourth chapter analyzes the boundary of the crime of surrogate entry in our country and studies the legislative attitude of the people and the academic circles on the act of surrogate in our country, and the legislative attitude of the demarcation on the prohibition of surrogate behavior from the jurisprudence, the bioethics angle and the present state of our country. The fifth chapter is about the crime of illegal surrogacy and its constitution. It also discusses the new crime of illegal surrogacy and its constitution of crime.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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