本文選題：前科 + 前科消滅��； 參考：《中國(guó)青年政治學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：前科制度是指犯罪人的一定資格和權(quán)利,在刑罰執(zhí)行完畢后被限制或剝奪的制度。我們承認(rèn)其在預(yù)防犯罪和社會(huì)安定保護(hù)方面的積極作用,但其帶來(lái)的刑事效應(yīng)和非刑事效應(yīng)等負(fù)面影響,影響犯罪人順利回歸社會(huì),所以需要前科消滅制度來(lái)平衡。世界上一些國(guó)家對(duì)前科消滅制度研究比較深刻,其立法也比較完善。國(guó)內(nèi)方面,在刑事立法上,僅有《刑法》第100條前科報(bào)告制度作為我國(guó)前科制度的核心,新《刑事訴訟法》第275條被理論界稱為未成年人輕罪犯罪記錄封存制度,在民事、行政法律法規(guī)及司法解釋中也有大量對(duì)有前科者禁止性或義務(wù)性的規(guī)定,總而言之,我國(guó)前科制度的有關(guān)立法缺乏系統(tǒng)性、完整性。由于我國(guó)“重刑”傳統(tǒng)思想等歷史原因,以及法律存在缺位等現(xiàn)實(shí)原因,導(dǎo)致對(duì)該制度關(guān)注不夠、研究不足。在深刻認(rèn)識(shí)到尊重和保障人權(quán)、構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)、順應(yīng)世界刑法走向現(xiàn)代化、回應(yīng)司法實(shí)踐呼喚的需求,梳理前科消滅的理論依據(jù),考察吸取國(guó)外前科消滅立法例經(jīng)驗(yàn)之后,構(gòu)建符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情的前科消滅制度,極具現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和理論價(jià)值。根據(jù)我國(guó)的歷史因素和現(xiàn)實(shí)因素,在我國(guó)刑法中建立前科消滅制度的理論支點(diǎn)是:前科應(yīng)當(dāng)消滅,但不應(yīng)當(dāng)全部消滅。前科消滅制度作為一項(xiàng)新制度,談其構(gòu)建,必須從理論和實(shí)踐兩方面相結(jié)合思考,所以,在理論研究方法上,本文綜合運(yùn)用比較分析法和實(shí)證分析法。本文的論述共有五部分。第一部分探討厘定前科及前科消滅制度基本概念和理論;第二部分分析我國(guó)尚未建立前科消滅制度的原因;第三部分闡述我國(guó)建立前科消滅制度的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求和理論依據(jù),其中理論依據(jù)從哲學(xué)、法理學(xué)、刑法學(xué)三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行展開;第四部分則是通過(guò)借鑒、對(duì)比各國(guó)有關(guān)前科消滅制度的立法例,談我國(guó)前科消滅制度的立法模式和內(nèi)容;第五部分是我國(guó)前科消滅制度的保障措施。
[Abstract]:The system of criminal record refers to the system that the criminal is restricted or deprived after the execution of penalty. We recognize its positive role in crime prevention and social stability and protection, but its negative effects, such as criminal and non-criminal effects, affect the smooth return of criminals to society, so we need the elimination of criminal record system to balance. Some countries in the world study the elimination of criminal record system deeply, and its legislation is relatively perfect. At home, in criminal legislation, only the criminal record reporting system of Article 100 of the Criminal Law is the core of the criminal record system of our country. Article 275 of the New Criminal procedure Law has been called the system of closing the records of minor misdemeanours by the theorists, and in civil affairs, Administrative laws and regulations and judicial interpretation also have a large number of prohibitive or compulsory provisions for those who have criminal record. In a word, the relevant legislation of our country's criminal record system is lack of systematicness and integrality. Due to the historical reasons such as the traditional thought of "heavy punishment" in our country and the lack of law and other practical reasons, there is not enough attention and research on the system. After deeply recognizing the respect and protection of human rights, building a harmonious society, complying with the needs of the world criminal law towards modernization, responding to the demand of judicial practice, combing the theoretical basis for the elimination of criminal record, and investigating and absorbing the experience of foreign legislation on the elimination of criminal record, It is of great practical significance and theoretical value to construct the system of eliminating criminal record in accordance with the reality of our country. According to the historical and realistic factors of our country, the theoretical fulcrum of establishing the system of elimination of criminal record in our criminal law is that the criminal record should be eliminated, but not all. As a new system, the extermination of criminal record system must be considered from both theoretical and practical aspects. Therefore, in the theoretical research method, the comparative analysis and empirical analysis are used in this paper. There are five parts in this paper. The first part discusses the basic concepts and theories of the system of elimination of criminal record and criminal record; the second part analyzes the reasons why China has not established the system of elimination of criminal record; the third part expounds the realistic demand and theoretical basis of establishing the system of elimination of criminal record in China. The theoretical basis is from three aspects of philosophy, jurisprudence and criminal law; the fourth part is to compare the legislative examples of the elimination system of criminal record in various countries, and to discuss the legislative model and content of the elimination system of criminal record in our country. The fifth part is the safeguard measures of our country's criminal record elimination system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)青年政治學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D925.2;D924.1

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本文編號(hào)：1851019