本文選題：非法占有 + 推定��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：詐騙類犯罪中"以非法占有為目的"是必備的構(gòu)成要素,是詐騙犯罪成立的關(guān)鍵,但對其的認(rèn)定在司法實踐中是一個難題。普通詐騙犯罪與特殊詐騙犯罪中"以非法占有為目的"的認(rèn)定難點各有各的不同,要作出不同的分析。司法人員認(rèn)定"以非法占有為目的"的前提是正確理解非法占有目的的內(nèi)涵,要正確理解非法占有目的的內(nèi)涵就要從詐騙犯罪的刑事政策出發(fā)作出符合刑法目的的解釋。深藏于內(nèi)心的主觀目的難以直接獲得,只有通過見之于客觀的外在行為來獲知內(nèi)在的心理狀態(tài)。"以非法占有為目的"的認(rèn)定難的成因是多方面的,有認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、認(rèn)定方法等多方面的原因。找出原因,就要對癥下藥。對詐騙類犯罪"以非法占有為目的"的證明要軟硬兼具,除了證據(jù)要達(dá)到確實、充分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),還需要法官的內(nèi)心確信,對證據(jù)的取舍和證明力進行判斷。司法解釋對集資詐騙案件的"以非法占有為目的"的認(rèn)定作出了列舉式的規(guī)定,列舉的七種情形是通過推定獲得的,而且均為正向推定,沒有考慮特殊情形和集資詐騙領(lǐng)域涉及到的商業(yè)運作規(guī)律的特點,在司法實踐認(rèn)定中就要考慮到司法解釋的這一不足之處,運用反向推定,具體案件具體分析。推定在認(rèn)定"以非法占有為目的"中的作用得到了學(xué)界和實務(wù)界的認(rèn)可,也是實務(wù)中會實際采用的認(rèn)定方法,但推定有其自身的局限性,必須謹(jǐn)慎適用。合理設(shè)計法條,現(xiàn)有法條只規(guī)定了什么"是"非法占有為目的,可以增加"否"的方面,兜底條款的設(shè)計要體現(xiàn)列舉情形的繼續(xù)才會更有適用價值。此外,建立程序保障機制重視反駁意見,提高辦案人員法律水平等都是解決認(rèn)定詐騙類犯罪"以非法占有為目的"司法實踐難題的有效途徑。
[Abstract]:"taking illegal possession as the aim" is the essential element of fraud crime and the key to the establishment of fraud crime, but its identification is a difficult problem in judicial practice.In the ordinary fraud crime and the special fraud crime, the difficulty of "illegal possession as the purpose" has its own differences, so it is necessary to make different analysis.The premise of the judicial personnel's determination that "illegal possession is the purpose" is to correctly understand the connotation of the purpose of illegal possession, and to correctly understand the connotation of the purpose of illegal possession, it is necessary to make an explanation consistent with the purpose of the criminal law from the criminal policy of the crime of fraud.The subjective purpose, which is deep in the heart, is difficult to obtain directly, but only through the objective external behavior to know the inner state of mind. "There are many reasons for the difficulty in the identification of illegal possession.To find out the cause, we must prescribe the right medicine.In order to prove the crime of fraud "for the purpose of illegal possession", the proof should be both hard and soft. In addition to the proof to be true and sufficient, it is also necessary for the judge's inner conviction to judge the choice of evidence and the power of proof.The judicial interpretation has made the enumeration stipulation to the confirmation of "taking illegal possession as the purpose" in the case of financing fraud. The seven cases listed are obtained by presumption, and all of them are positive presumptions.Without considering the special circumstances and the characteristics of the commercial operation law involved in the field of fund-raising fraud, the deficiency of judicial interpretation should be taken into account in the judicial practice, and the reverse presumption is used to analyze the specific case.The role of presumption in the determination of "illegal possession" has been recognized by the academic and practical circles, and it is also a practical method to be adopted in practice, but the presumption has its own limitations and must be applied carefully.According to the reasonable design of the law, the existing law only stipulates what "illegal possession" is for the purpose, and can increase the "no" aspect. The design of the "bottom clause" should reflect the continuation of the enumeration of circumstances before it has more applicable value.In addition, it is an effective way to solve the problem of judicial practice of defrauding crime of "taking illegal possession as the purpose" to establish procedural guarantee mechanism to attach importance to the opinion of refutation and to improve the legal level of the personnel handling the case.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.35

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