本文選題：禁止令　切入點(diǎn)：適用條件　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：禁止令制度突破了我國(guó)刑罰的傳統(tǒng)論域，帶有體系革新的意義，成為了《刑法修正案八》的一大創(chuàng)新。然而，禁止令作為可以在刑罰之外由審判人員自由裁量限制犯罪分子的自由的處罰措施，可以說(shuō)是一把雙刃劍，如果適用得當(dāng)可以成為維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的高效工具，但如果適用不當(dāng)則會(huì)侵害犯罪分子合法權(quán)益。因此，如何建構(gòu)合理的禁止令適用條件，是正確適用這一制度必須應(yīng)解決的問(wèn)題。 構(gòu)建合理的禁止令適用條件有必要先解讀禁止令適用條件的立法規(guī)定。目前，禁止令制度的相關(guān)法規(guī)尚屬探索性的，關(guān)于禁止令適用條件的規(guī)定顯得原則性有余而可操作性不強(qiáng)。這樣的立法帶來(lái)的后果是司法實(shí)踐中禁止令推廣的困難和適用上的混亂。構(gòu)建合理的禁止令適用條件還需要借鑒已有的理論觀點(diǎn)。目前，關(guān)于禁止令的適用條件有四種比較有代表性的觀點(diǎn)：“人身危險(xiǎn)性說(shuō)”、“可能性說(shuō)”、“關(guān)聯(lián)性和人身危險(xiǎn)性說(shuō)”以及“必要性和關(guān)聯(lián)度說(shuō)”。這四種學(xué)說(shuō)各有特色，或多或少地揭示了禁止令適用條件應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的內(nèi)容，對(duì)構(gòu)建禁止令的適用條件有借鑒價(jià)值。然而，構(gòu)建構(gòu)建禁止令的適用條件不能局限于適用條件本身，應(yīng)當(dāng)更深一步的探討禁止令的目的與性質(zhì)，只有明確了目的與性質(zhì)，才能構(gòu)建出合理的適用條件。從目的上而言，禁止令的目的應(yīng)當(dāng)是教育矯正和預(yù)防違法犯罪，因此，禁止令只能在有妨礙改造的可能和誘發(fā)違法犯罪的可能時(shí)適用。除此之外，適用禁止令不能不考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)中的可操作性，應(yīng)當(dāng)排除根本不具備可行性的禁止令。這樣，禁止令的目的決定了禁止令的適用條件中必須具備嚴(yán)重妨礙教育矯正和誘發(fā)違法再犯的可能性條件、關(guān)聯(lián)度條件和作為排除條件的比例性條件、可行性條件。從性質(zhì)上而言，，禁止并不是保安處分，而是屬于非監(jiān)禁刑的輔助執(zhí)行措施，基于此，禁止令的適用應(yīng)當(dāng)是消極的和限權(quán)性的，這決定了禁止令必須具備符合比例性條件和關(guān)聯(lián)度條件。
[Abstract]:The prohibition order system has broken through the traditional domain of punishment in our country and has the significance of system innovation. It has become a major innovation of the eighth Amendment to the Criminal Law.However, a restraining order, as a measure of punishment that can be imposed at the discretion of the judge to restrict the freedom of a criminal, can be said to be a double-edged sword and, if properly applied, can become an efficient tool for maintaining social stability.However, if it is not applied properly, it will infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of criminals.Therefore, how to construct reasonable applicable conditions of restraining order is a problem that must be solved to apply this system correctly.It is necessary to interpret the legislative provisions of the applicable conditions of prohibition order in order to construct reasonable conditions of application of prohibition order.At present, the relevant laws and regulations of the prohibition order system are still exploratory, and the provisions on the applicable conditions of the prohibition order are more than principled and not operable.The consequence of such legislation is the difficulty of proscription in judicial practice and confusion in its application.It is necessary to draw lessons from the existing theoretical viewpoints to construct reasonable conditions for the application of restraining orders.At present, there are four representative views on the application conditions of restraining order: "personal danger theory", "possibility theory", "relevance and personal danger theory" and "necessity and correlation degree theory".These four theories have their own characteristics, which more or less reveal the content of the applicable conditions of the prohibition order, and have reference value to the construction of the applicable conditions of the prohibition order.However, the applicable conditions of constructing a prohibition order should not be limited to the applicable condition itself, but should be further explored into the purpose and nature of the prohibition order. Only when the purpose and nature of the prohibition order are clearly defined, can a reasonable applicable condition be constructed.For the purpose, the purpose of the restraining order should be to educate the correction and prevent the illegal crime, therefore, the restraining order can only be applied when there is the possibility of hindering the reform and inducing the illegal crime.In addition, the application of prohibition order should not take into account the practical maneuverability, should exclude the prohibition order which is not feasible at all.In this way, the purpose of the prohibition order determines that the applicable conditions of the prohibition order must have the possibility condition of seriously hindering the education correction and inducing the illegal reoffending, the relation degree condition and the proportion condition as the exclusion condition, the feasibility condition.By its very nature, the prohibition is not a security measure, but a supplementary measure of execution of a non-custodial sentence. On the basis of this, the application of the prohibition order should be negative and restrictive.This determines that the prohibition order must meet the requirements of proportionality and relevance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1

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