本文選題：網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗　切入點：刑事責(zé)任　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅速發(fā)展和普及給人們帶來了極大便利,同時也給信息擴(kuò)散提供了更為便捷的渠道。網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗實際上是傳統(tǒng)誹謗行為在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的變形,具體指以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為媒介捏造并散布有損他人名譽(yù)的事實的行為。近年來網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗行為呈現(xiàn)激增之勢,不僅對他人權(quán)益造成極大侵害,有損網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的良性發(fā)展,還給司法實踐帶來了挑戰(zhàn)。利用刑事手段治理網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗行為的主要依據(jù)是刑法第246條規(guī)定的誹謗罪和兩高頒布的處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗案件的司法解釋,但是由于法律本身不能窮盡考慮到現(xiàn)實中的各方各面,使得具體的司法實踐仍舊面臨重重困惑。文章將從四個方面展開分析,首先立足于網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗客觀方面,以形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗的行為方式、誹謗行為對象及言論構(gòu)成、行為后果、特殊行為等為出發(fā)點,進(jìn)一步分析得出了散布是關(guān)鍵的實行行為,網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗言論需要是針對特定自然人的虛假的事實性陳述才能夠以誹謗罪來規(guī)制,而對法人和政府機(jī)關(guān)進(jìn)行的詆毀行為無法納入誹謗罪治理范疇,而且要追究網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗者的刑事責(zé)任還必須存在情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的行為后果,對此嚴(yán)重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的具體判斷需要依據(jù)法律法規(guī)的規(guī)定合理裁量以及特殊行為的成立可能阻卻違法性。其次分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗者的主觀故意中應(yīng)有的形式及故意認(rèn)識的內(nèi)容。鑒于網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況的特殊性,網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗罪中的主觀故意應(yīng)當(dāng)包含間接故意。再者從網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗的責(zé)任主體入手,不同于傳統(tǒng)的誹謗中存在的單一行為主體,網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗的犯罪主體較為復(fù)雜,除了誹謗言論制造者還涉及網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播者、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)提供商以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)水軍等多方,對他們的罪責(zé)進(jìn)行分析才能更好的規(guī)制其行為。最后,就網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗的刑事追訴而言,“誹謗罪”是告訴才處理的犯罪,而網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗作為一種特殊類型的誹謗,理應(yīng)告訴才處理,雖然刑法規(guī)定了“嚴(yán)重危害社會秩序和國家利益”的公權(quán)力主動介入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在模糊和不合理性,對網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗行為進(jìn)行追訴時應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重當(dāng)事人的意愿�？傊�,網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗現(xiàn)象是當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間法律治理一個難解的謎題,從刑法角度對網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗行為進(jìn)行全方面的分析以期為良好的規(guī)制網(wǎng)絡(luò)誹謗行為提出自己的見解。
[Abstract]:The rapid development and popularization of the Internet has brought great convenience to people, at the same time, it also provides a more convenient channel for the spread of information. In fact, Internet defamation is a deformation of traditional libel in cyberspace. Specifically refers to the act of fabricating and spreading facts that are harmful to the reputation of others by using the Internet as the medium. In recent years, the Internet libel has shown a tendency to proliferate, not only causing great infringement on the rights and interests of others, but also harming the benign development of cyberspace. It also brings challenges to judicial practice. The main bases for using criminal means to control online libel are libel as stipulated in article 246 of the Criminal Law and the judicial interpretation issued by the two high schools to deal with online libel cases. However, due to the fact that the law itself cannot take every aspect of the reality into account, the specific judicial practice still faces many puzzles. The article will analyze from four aspects, first of all, based on the objective aspects of Internet defamation, In order to form the behavior mode of network libel, the object of libel and the composition of speech, the consequence of the act, the special act and so on as the starting point, the author further analyses and concludes that the dissemination is the key practice act. Online libel speech needs false factual statements against specific natural persons in order to be regulated by libel, but the slanderous behavior of legal persons and government agencies cannot be brought into the scope of libel treatment. Moreover, in order to investigate the criminal liability of Internet slander, there must also be serious consequences of the act. The concrete judgment of this serious standard needs reasonable discretion according to the regulation of laws and regulations and the establishment of special act may hinder the illegality. Secondly, the paper analyzes the form and the content of intentional cognition in the subjective intention of Internet slander. In view of the particularity of the state of the network, The subjective intention of network libel should include indirect intention. Moreover, starting with the responsibility subject of network libel, the criminal subject of network libel is more complex than the single act subject in traditional libel. In addition to defamatory speech makers, they also involve Internet disseminators, Internet service providers, and the Cyber Navy, and so on, to analyze their guilt in order to better regulate their behavior. As far as criminal prosecution of Internet libel is concerned, "libel" is a crime that is dealt with only when told, and Internet libel, as a special type of libel, should be dealt with only when it is told. Although the criminal law provides for the standard of "seriously endangering social order and national interests", the standard of active intervention of public power exists ambiguity and irrationality, so the will of the parties should be respected in the prosecution of libel on the Internet. The phenomenon of Internet libel is a difficult puzzle in the current legal governance of cyberspace. From the angle of criminal law, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Internet libel in order to put forward its own opinion for the good regulation of Internet libel.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D924.3

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