本文選題：食品　切入點：非食品原料　出處：《華東政法大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：如何應(yīng)對近年來層出不窮的食品安全問題,不但是政府部門面臨的重大挑戰(zhàn),也是刑法界急需解決的重要課題,生產(chǎn)、銷售有毒有害食品罪作為刑法規(guī)制食品安全類犯罪的重要罪名,也出現(xiàn)了很多難點。本文將深入解讀該罪在法律適用上的難點,以期在司法實踐中,能夠更準確的把握該類案件。該罪主要表現(xiàn)在四個已知的問題,一是該罪的行為對象,筆者將分別從“食品”、“非食品原料”及“有毒有害”三個方面予以闡述,對于該罪中的“食品”的界定,筆者贊成對“食品”外延予以廣義理解,不但包含供人食用的成品及原料、保健食品等,還包含了“食品添加劑”和“食品原料”；對于“非食品原料”的理解,筆者認為“非食品原料”應(yīng)是由衛(wèi)生部頒布的《食品添加劑使用標準》所羅列品種以外的化工原料,并且食品添加劑不屬于“非食品原料”；對于“有毒有害”,筆者認為對于“有毒、有害”的判斷,應(yīng)以普通民眾的一般標準為主要判斷依據(jù),同時以鑒定意見客觀標準中對毒害性質(zhì)的排除為例外。二是該罪的行為類型,筆者將從構(gòu)成該罪的兩個客觀行為“摻入”和“銷售”予以展開討論,從而得出“摻入”是指行為人將食品與有毒、有害的非食品原料進行混合,具體內(nèi)容既包括在食品中加入有毒、有害的非食品原料也包括在有毒、有害的非食品原料中加入食品；既包括直接摻入行為也包括間接摻入行為,但不包括直接以有毒、有害的非食品原料冒充食品的行為,“銷售”是指行為人獲得他人摻入了有毒、有害的非食品原料的食品后又將其出賣給(包括以間接獲利為目的的贈送)第三方當事人的行為。第三部分是對該罪主觀需明知的理解,分別從主觀故意必須是“明知”、“明知”的要求、“明知”的具體判斷標準三個點予以分析,對于“明知”的判斷應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況和一般大眾的客觀標準,以此判斷行為人是否具備“明知”的故意。第四部分是該罪與其他犯罪的競合,這也是司法實踐中最困擾的問題,本章將區(qū)分法條競合和想象競合,并將該罪與其他容易混淆的罪名相比較,找出此罪與彼罪的不同點。
[Abstract]:How to deal with the endless food safety problems in recent years is not only a major challenge faced by government departments, but also an important issue urgently needed to be solved by the criminal law community. The crime of selling poisonous and harmful food, as an important crime of regulating food safety in criminal law, also presents a lot of difficulties. The crime is mainly manifested in four known problems. The first is the object of the crime. The author will explain it from the three aspects of "food", "non-food raw material" and "toxic and harmful", respectively. For the definition of "food" in this crime, the author agrees that the extension of "food" should be understood in a broad sense, including not only finished products and raw materials for human consumption, but also health food, etc. It also includes "food additives" and "food raw materials". For the understanding of "non-food raw materials", the author believes that "non-food raw materials" should be chemicals other than those listed in the Food Additive use Standards issued by the Ministry of Health. And the food additive does not belong to the "non-food raw material"; for "toxic and harmful", the author thinks that the judgment of "toxic and harmful" should be based on the general standard of ordinary people as the main basis of judgment. At the same time, the exception is the exclusion of toxic nature in the objective criterion of appraisal opinion. Second, the type of behavior of the crime, the author will discuss the two objective acts which constitute the crime "incorporation" and "sale". It is concluded that "adulteration" refers to the mixing of food with toxic and harmful non-food materials, which includes both toxic and harmful non-food raw materials. Adding food to harmful non-food raw materials; including both direct and indirect incorporation, but excluding the act of impersonating food directly with toxic or harmful non-food raw materials. The act of selling a harmful non-food ingredient food to a third party (including a gift for the purpose of indirect profit). The third part is the subjective understanding of the crime, From the three points of subjective intention must be "knowing", "knowing", "knowing" and "knowing", the judgment of "knowing" should be based on the specific circumstances and the objective criteria of the general public. The fourth part is the competition between the crime and other crimes, which is also the most puzzling problem in judicial practice. And compare the crime with other easily confused charges, find out the difference between this crime and that crime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.33

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