本文選題：性侵害未成年人犯罪　切入點：立法比較　出處：《華東政法大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：越來越多的校園性侵案隨著媒體的曝光而浮出水面，引發(fā)了社會各界對于未成年人性權利保護問題的廣泛關注。未成年人本身自我保護意識薄弱，而在我國，來自家庭和學校針對未成年人有序、系統(tǒng)的性教育和性引導都還十分匱乏，法律、制度和司法實踐中多多少少存在的一些缺陷也使得心理扭曲的犯罪分子有接近并加害未成年人的機會，這些原因都使得未成年人性侵害犯罪呈現多發(fā)性、長期性和反復性的特點。此類犯罪嚴重影響了未成年人的健康成長，，給未成年人及其家屬都帶來了巨大的傷害，同時也成為了影響社會穩(wěn)定的負面因素。嚴厲打擊針對未成年人的性犯罪，盡最大可能保障未成年人的合法權益，落實聯(lián)合國《兒童權利公約》中“兒童利益最大化”這一原則的要求，成為各國、各地區(qū)刑事立法中的共識。 作為最后也是最為必要的一道防線，惟有構筑起嚴密的刑事法律保護網絡，懲罰犯罪人，才能震懾潛在的犯罪人，達到預防此類犯罪、保護未成年人健康成長的目的。筆者分五章試從性侵害未成年人犯罪入刑的現實需要、立法概況、犯罪構成特征、法定刑等多個角度對中國與其他一些有代表性的國家和地區(qū)打擊性侵害未成年人犯罪的相關刑事立法進行了比較分析，同時結合我國對于該類型犯罪的刑事法律制定情況，進一步把握此類犯罪的構成特征與量刑標準。由比較可知，我國的相關刑事立法對于性侵犯行為的認定還不夠明確；對于未成年男性的保護力度相對較弱；在預防和規(guī)制犯罪人再犯的制度建設方面也還存在著一些問題。2013年10月，我國最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部和司法部四部門聯(lián)合制定并發(fā)布了《關于依法懲治性侵害未成年人犯罪的意見》，針對目前我國性侵害未成年人犯罪所呈現出的特點，從多方面就加強打擊性侵害未成年人的犯罪行為作了全面系統(tǒng)的完善性規(guī)定。但我國的現行刑事立法對未成年性權利保護依舊存在少許不足，亟待完善。筆者望通過借鑒其他國家、地區(qū)相關立法的合理與先進之處，為完善我國的相關刑事立法，切實保障未成年人的身心健康和合法權利提供合理化建議。
[Abstract]:With the exposure of the media, more and more cases of sexual abuse on campus have surfaced, which has aroused widespread concern about the protection of minors' sexual rights from all walks of life. The consciousness of self-protection of minors is weak, but in our country, There is a lack of systematic sex education and guidance from families and schools for minors. Some defects in the system and judicial practice have also made the mentally distorted criminals have the opportunity to approach and injure minors. These reasons have made the juvenile sexual assault crime more frequent. Long term and repetitive characteristics. Such crimes have seriously affected the healthy growth of minors and caused great harm to minors and their families. At the same time, it has also become a negative factor affecting social stability. Severely crack down on sexual crimes against minors, and do their utmost to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors. The realization of the principle of "maximization of the interests of the child" in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has become a common understanding in the criminal legislation of all countries and regions. As the last and most necessary line of defense, only by constructing a strict network of criminal legal protection and punishing criminals can potential criminals be deterred and such crimes can be prevented. The purpose of protecting the healthy growth of minors. The author divides into five chapters to try from the actual needs of sexual assault on minors into the criminal law, legislative overview, the characteristics of the crime, This paper makes a comparative analysis of the relevant criminal legislation of China and some other representative countries and regions in the fight against crimes against minors from the angle of legal punishment, and at the same time makes a comparative analysis of the criminal law making for this type of crime in our country. From the comparison, we can see that the identification of sexual assault is not clear enough in the relevant criminal legislation of our country, the protection of minor male is relatively weak; In October 2013, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, The four departments of the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly formulated and issued the opinions on punishing crimes against minors in accordance with the law, aiming at the characteristics of the crimes committed against minors in China at present. The comprehensive and systematic provisions have been made to strengthen the criminal action against minors from many aspects. However, the current criminal legislation of our country still has some deficiencies in the protection of sexual rights of minors. The author hopes to use for reference the reasonable and advanced aspects of relevant legislation in other countries and regions in order to provide reasonable suggestions for perfecting the relevant criminal legislation of our country and ensuring the physical and mental health and legal rights of minors.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D924.3

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本文編號：1597550