我國憲政建設(shè)研究
[Abstract]:It has been more than a hundred years since the constitution was established in the late Qing Dynasty. Chinese society has experienced vicissitudes of life. Constitutional government is not a reality, but a goal of exploration and pursuit. Today, when the reform and opening up has made great achievements, constitutional reform has not become dispensable, on the contrary. Constitutional reform is becoming more and more urgent, and it is in the interest of every citizen that China's peaceful transition to constitutional government. This paper first reviews the history of constitutionalism, then analyzes the path of constitutional transformation, then discusses it from the two aspects of democracy and checks and balances, and finally looks forward to the prospect of constitutional transformation in China. The first chapter discusses the world background and historical background of China's constitutional transformation. Modern constitutionalism began in the British parliamentary system. By reviewing the history of the British Parliament, it can be concluded that the two basic principles of modern constitutionalism are democracy and checks and balances. With the development of history, the connotation of democracy and checks and balances has been greatly enriched. Democracy has evolved from a majority decision to a multifold form of electoral democracy and participatory democracy. Checks and balances developed from the first parliamentary supervision of the king to the later establishment of judicial review until today's social power (including the power of the media) flourished. The second chapter discusses the path choice of constitutional transition in China. This paper first describes the reality and problems of our country's system, then investigates the transition mode of constitutionalism in France and the United States, draws the conclusion that democracy and checks and balances advance simultaneously, and finally points out that our country should take this path, but emphasizes the importance of democracy to constitutional transformation. The third chapter discusses the path of our country's democracy construction, first expounds the present situation of our country's system, then separately elaborates from the representative system democracy and the participation system democracy two aspects respectively. On representative democracy, this paper reviews the relevant theories and practices in the west, comments on the revision of the electoral law and the representative law in our country, and puts forward the direction of further improvement. As for participatory democracy, its theoretical basis is freedom of expression and due process, drawing lessons from the experience of the development of participatory democracy in the United States, and putting forward the measures for the development of participatory democracy in our country. The fourth chapter discusses the path of the construction of checks and balances in China. There are a variety of checks and balances, but the most important of them is the judicial review of legislation and administration by the courts. France and the United States are the representative countries of the two major legal systems, and the administrative litigation is first established in France. The United States first established the constitutional review, the two countries' judicial review experience is quite rich, worthy of our country's reference. China's administrative litigation has not fully played its due role, the constitutional review has not yet been established, our country should further improve the administrative litigation system, and establish the constitutional review system as soon as possible. The fifth chapter discusses the prospect of constitutional transformation in China. Although the lessons of the disintegration of the Soviet Union are worth learning, the experience of Russia's political transition is worth drawing lessons from. China's constitutional transformation will not be divided, but will contribute to the peaceful reunification of Taiwan. When the government and the opposition all realized that constitutionalism was beneficial to the country and the people, the Manchu aristocrats, on the basis of their own interests, repeatedly delayed constitutional reform and eventually lost the best opportunity for active reform, If China does not take active measures to lead constitutional reform, even if it can temporarily maintain its rule through propaganda tools and violent machines, the creative vitality of the people will surely suffocate because of institutional repression. The whole strength of the country will be exhausted because of the internal pounding. Finally, it may not only return to the periodic law of the cycle of fighting chaos, but also face the threat of the extinction of the nation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2011
【分類號】:D921
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