【摘要】：婚姻自由既是婚姻法上一項非常重要的原則,也是人們在婚姻領域的一項基本權利。就其本質(zhì)來說,包括私屬性和公屬性兩個方面。婚姻自由的私屬性是其不可剝奪的本質(zhì)屬性,是保障公民自由和發(fā)展個人人格的極其重要的私法工具。據(jù)此,婚姻關系當事人能夠基于自己的自由意志對其婚姻生活進行支配,從而實現(xiàn)私法自治,這是婚姻自由的根本價值所在。與此同時,婚姻自由牽涉到當事雙方、家庭和社會的利益,具有一定的公屬性,政府可以通過支配和利用這種公屬性的方式促進社會公共利益的實現(xiàn)。基于婚姻自由的私屬性和公屬性,可以將其分為憲法上的婚姻自由與民法上的婚姻自由,憲法上的婚姻自由主要通過個人保障機制與制度保障機制實現(xiàn),民法上的婚姻自由則包含非婚同居、結婚自由、離婚自由與婚內(nèi)自由四項內(nèi)容。 現(xiàn)代社會里,公私法的日漸融合已經(jīng)成為不可阻擋的趨勢,大量的公法規(guī)范逐漸滲透到私法領域。在此背景之下,婚姻自由及其相關制度的構建必須通過公私法之間的協(xié)調(diào)來構筑。對人們的個人自由與社會公共利益進行通盤考慮,實現(xiàn)個人利益和社會公共利益之間的平衡,將成為立法者在構建婚姻自由及其相關制度過程中一項極其艱巨的任務。過分側重于對個人婚姻自由的保護,會損害社會公共利益,不利于形成良好的規(guī)則和秩序,過分保護公共利益則會危及個人婚姻自由的行使。因此,在對婚姻自由進行公法限制時,必須堅持合憲原則、公序良俗原則以及區(qū)分原則,通過公法上的直接限制、私法內(nèi)部的公法性規(guī)范限制以及司法上的限制等方式,尋求個人婚姻自由與國家秩序之間的“黃金分割點”,以實現(xiàn)促進個人婚姻自由與維護國家公共利益之間的平衡。
[Abstract]:Freedom of marriage is not only a very important principle in marriage law, but also a basic right in the field of marriage. As far as its essence is concerned, it includes two aspects: private attribute and public attribute. The private attribute of freedom of marriage is its inalienable essential attribute, and it is an extremely important private law tool to protect civil liberties and develop individual personality. Therefore, the parties to a marriage relationship can dominate their marriage life on the basis of their own free will, thus realizing the autonomy of private law, which is the fundamental value of the freedom of marriage. At the same time, the freedom of marriage involves the interests of both parties, the family and the society, and has certain public attributes. The government can promote the realization of social public interest by dominating and utilizing this kind of public property. Based on the private and public attributes of freedom of marriage, it can be divided into constitutional freedom of marriage and civil freedom of marriage. The freedom of marriage in civil law includes four parts: non-marital cohabitation, freedom of marriage, freedom of divorce and freedom of marriage. In modern society, the gradual amalgamation of public and private law has become an irresistible trend, and a large number of public law norms have gradually penetrated into the field of private law. In this context, the freedom of marriage and its related institutions must be constructed through the coordination of public and private law. It will be an extremely arduous task for legislators to consider the individual freedom and the public interest of society and realize the balance between the personal interests and the public interests of the society in the process of constructing the freedom of marriage and its related system. Too much emphasis on the protection of individual freedom of marriage will harm the public interest, which is not conducive to the formation of good rules and order, too much protection of the public interest will endanger the exercise of individual freedom of marriage. Therefore, when restricting the freedom of marriage in public law, we must adhere to the principle of constitutionality, the principle of public order and good custom and the principle of distinction, through the direct restriction of public law, the limitation of public law norms within private law, and the limitation of judicature, etc. In order to achieve the balance between the promotion of individual freedom of marriage and the maintenance of the national public interest, the "golden division" between the freedom of individual marriage and the national order is sought.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D923.9

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