【摘要】：我國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程的加快吸引了越來(lái)越多的人們從農(nóng)村走入城市，形成了一個(gè)特殊而龐大的群體——進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員群體。與之同步的是，越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)村兒童隨父母進(jìn)城一起生活，其中很多適值學(xué)齡期，在義務(wù)教育方面與城市兒童有著同樣的權(quán)利需求，但由于種種條件的限制，其義務(wù)教育權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)與城市兒童又存在著巨大差別，并引發(fā)社會(huì)各層面的廣泛關(guān)注。 按照我國(guó)的法律規(guī)定，公民接受義務(wù)教育既是一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利，也是一項(xiàng)基本義務(wù)。義務(wù)教育的普及對(duì)公民個(gè)人和國(guó)家的發(fā)展意義重大。義務(wù)教育具有基礎(chǔ)，強(qiáng)制及免費(fèi)的基本特點(diǎn)，義務(wù)教育權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)社會(huì)權(quán)利，強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)家的積極作為義務(wù)。政府應(yīng)當(dāng)積極作為，用一切適當(dāng)方法尤其用立法的方法，盡最大能力分階段采取步驟，逐步促進(jìn)我國(guó)適齡兒童義務(wù)教育權(quán)的充分實(shí)現(xiàn)。 綜合上述背景，本文將從研究進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女受義務(wù)教育的狀況出發(fā)，以我國(guó)進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女義務(wù)教育權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)及其保障為主旨，對(duì)進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女義務(wù)教育權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的法律路徑和制度路徑進(jìn)行深入探討，以期為更好實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女義務(wù)教育權(quán)提供一些有益的觀點(diǎn)。 以此為研究目的，本文闡述了進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女在接受義務(wù)教育方面面臨的困境，并提出其中最主要的是不能夠順利接受義務(wù)教育的問題，并將這一問題歸結(jié)為以下幾個(gè)主要方面:進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女的入學(xué)率低、失學(xué)輟學(xué)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，，公辦學(xué)校在接收進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女入學(xué)方面的積極性不高，民工子弟學(xué)校生存艱難，政府投入嚴(yán)重不足、和教育各階段銜接不緊密等。我國(guó)目前存在的兩元社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和戶籍制度使不遵循城鄉(xiāng)區(qū)分而自由流動(dòng)的進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女在城市缺乏所謂的合法身份，合法的權(quán)益得不到有效保障。 本文從行政、法律、歷史體制等方面對(duì)這些問題進(jìn)行深層次的原因分析。在原因分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文論述了我國(guó)為解決這些問題、在現(xiàn)有的法律法規(guī)和政策實(shí)踐上己經(jīng)做出的努力和存在的不足，并就此從強(qiáng)化政府責(zé)任、保障進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員子女義務(wù)教育權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)等方面提出了初步的對(duì)策和建議。
[Abstract]:The acceleration of urbanization in China attracts more and more people to enter cities from rural areas, forming a special and huge group of migrant workers. At the same time, more and more rural children live with their parents in cities. Many of them have the same rights as urban children in compulsory education, but due to various conditions, The realization of compulsory education right is different from that of urban children, and it causes wide attention from all levels of society. According to the law of our country, compulsory education is not only a basic right, but also a basic obligation. The popularization of compulsory education is of great significance to the development of citizens and countries. Compulsory education has basic, compulsory and free basic characteristics. As a social right, the compulsory education right emphasizes the positive duty of the state. The government should actively take steps to promote the full realization of the right of compulsory education of school-age children in our country step by all appropriate methods, especially by means of legislation, and take steps as far as possible. On the basis of the above background, this paper will study the situation of compulsory education for migrant workers' children in cities, and take the realization and protection of compulsory education right of migrant workers' children in China as the main purpose. This paper probes into the legal and institutional path of the realization of the compulsory education right of migrant workers' children in cities in order to provide some useful viewpoints for the better realization of the compulsory education rights of migrant workers' children. For this purpose, this paper expounds the plight of migrant workers' children in accepting compulsory education, and points out that the most important problem is that they cannot receive compulsory education smoothly. This problem can be attributed to the following main aspects: the low enrolment rate of children of migrant workers, the serious phenomenon of dropping out of school, and the low enthusiasm of public schools in receiving children from migrant workers in cities. Migrant children's schools are difficult to survive, government investment is seriously inadequate, and education stages are not closely linked, and so on. The current two-element social structure and household registration system in China make the children of migrant workers who do not follow the distinction between urban and rural areas lack the so-called legal identity in the city and their legitimate rights and interests can not be effectively protected. This paper analyzes the causes of these problems from the aspects of administration, law, historical system and so on. Based on the analysis of the causes, this paper discusses the existing efforts and shortcomings in the practice of laws, regulations and policies in order to solve these problems in China, and from this point of view to strengthen the responsibility of the government. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to guarantee the realization of compulsory education right of migrant workers in cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東商學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D921

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