【摘要】：權(quán)力易于被濫用,而權(quán)力的濫用會侵害到公民的合法權(quán)益。因此要采取措施來監(jiān)督和制約權(quán)力。在我國權(quán)力監(jiān)督體系中既存在權(quán)力運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部各項(xiàng)權(quán)力之間的監(jiān)督制約也存在各個(gè)機(jī)關(guān)之外的來自外部力量的監(jiān)督。權(quán)力內(nèi)部之間的監(jiān)督制約又可以分為橫向制約與縱向制約。橫向制約是指國家機(jī)關(guān)之間的相互制約監(jiān)督�？v向制約是指各個(gè)國家機(jī)關(guān)自身上下級之間的監(jiān)督。在本文中將這兩種監(jiān)督統(tǒng)稱為國家監(jiān)督。本文認(rèn)為我國憲法明確規(guī)定的七種監(jiān)督都屬于國家監(jiān)督的范疇。這七種監(jiān)督有人大監(jiān)督、政協(xié)監(jiān)督、政黨監(jiān)督、審計(jì)監(jiān)督、檢察監(jiān)督、紀(jì)檢監(jiān)督、監(jiān)察監(jiān)督。來自這些監(jiān)督之外的外部力量的監(jiān)督即公民監(jiān)督。將對權(quán)力的監(jiān)督分為國家監(jiān)督與公民監(jiān)督,是因?yàn)楣癖O(jiān)督具有與國家監(jiān)督相區(qū)別的特點(diǎn),要從這些特點(diǎn)出發(fā),提出完善公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的措施。此外,公民監(jiān)督豐富了國家監(jiān)督的內(nèi)容,很多國家監(jiān)督的發(fā)起都是由公民監(jiān)督開始的,同時(shí)國家監(jiān)督又保障公民監(jiān)督的行使。雖然憲法第四十一條以分列出四項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利的形式來定義公民監(jiān)督權(quán)。但是我國公民監(jiān)督并沒有完整的法律體系和制度來保障,導(dǎo)致實(shí)踐中很多公民監(jiān)督事件背離了公民監(jiān)督制度的初衷。但是憲法賦予公民監(jiān)督權(quán)不是越大越好,只有恰當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)用才可以使公民監(jiān)督權(quán)發(fā)揮其最大的作用。一方面,要利用國家監(jiān)督保障公民監(jiān)督行使的作用,國家需要加強(qiáng)對公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的保護(hù),使公民能真正參與國家的管理;另一方面也要對公民監(jiān)督權(quán)進(jìn)行必要的限制,督促公民正確行使公民監(jiān)督權(quán)。除引言外,本文分四部分,共兩萬余字。主要內(nèi)容如下:第一部分,公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的概述。本部分從公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的構(gòu)成要素、理論基礎(chǔ)以及公民監(jiān)督權(quán)行使的方式的論述為主要內(nèi)容。我國憲法以及其他法律規(guī)范中并沒有提及公民監(jiān)督權(quán)這一明確概念。分析其性質(zhì)和分類能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地理解公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的概念。分析公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的理論證成是為了研究公民監(jiān)督權(quán)權(quán)利產(chǎn)生的初衷,是為公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的完善建議提供根本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和要求。因?yàn)樾屡d的網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論監(jiān)督與傳統(tǒng)的公民監(jiān)督方式存在許多不同,也帶來許多新的問題,因此將公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的行使方式分為這兩種行使方式,以更好的理解公民監(jiān)督的內(nèi)涵,同時(shí)為從這兩個(gè)方式的角度分別提出公民監(jiān)督權(quán)存在的問題做好鋪墊。第二部分,公民監(jiān)督權(quán)與國家監(jiān)督權(quán)的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系。之所以在論述公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的同時(shí)要提出國家監(jiān)督權(quán)的概念。一方面是為了更好的分析公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的特點(diǎn)。另一方面是為了從國家監(jiān)督權(quán)與公民監(jiān)督權(quán)存在的聯(lián)系入手,使國家監(jiān)督權(quán)能夠更好的保障公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的行使。第三部分,公民監(jiān)督權(quán)存在的問題。這一部分主要從兩個(gè)方面來分析公民監(jiān)督權(quán)存在的問題,一方面是從公民角度,即是結(jié)合公民監(jiān)督行使方式來分析公民監(jiān)督權(quán)存在的問題。傳統(tǒng)公民監(jiān)督權(quán)行使方式與新興公民監(jiān)督權(quán)行使方式存在的問題各異。另一方面主要是從國家機(jī)關(guān)的角度來分析公民監(jiān)督權(quán)保障方面的存在的問題。公民監(jiān)督權(quán)缺乏法律和制度保障。第四部分,最后這部分是全文的重點(diǎn)章節(jié),也是為公民監(jiān)督權(quán)存在的各種問題提出一些建議。
[Abstract]:Power is easy to be abused, and the abuse of power will infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Therefore, measures should be taken to supervise and restrict power. Supervision and restriction can be divided into horizontal restriction and vertical restriction.Horizontal restriction refers to the mutual restriction and supervision between state organs.Vertical restriction refers to the supervision between the superiors and subordinates of each state organ.In this paper,the two kinds of supervision are collectively called state supervision.This paper holds that the seven kinds of supervision clearly stipulated in the Constitution of China belong to the state. The seven kinds of supervision are supervised by the National People's Congress, CPPCC, political parties, auditing, procuratorial, discipline and inspection, and supervision by citizens. In addition, citizen supervision enriches the content of state supervision. Many state supervision starts with citizen supervision, and at the same time, state supervision guarantees the exercise of citizen supervision. Although Article 41 of the Constitution sets out four basic rights. However, there is no complete legal system and system to guarantee citizen supervision in China, which leads to many cases of citizen supervision deviating from the original intention of the citizen supervision system. On the one hand, to make use of the role of state supervision to protect the exercise of citizen supervision, the state needs to strengthen the protection of citizen supervision, so that citizens can truly participate in the management of the state; on the other hand, it is necessary to restrict the right of citizen supervision and urge citizens to exercise the right of citizen supervision correctly. The contents are as follows: The first part is an overview of the citizen's supervisory power. This part is mainly composed of the elements of the citizen's supervisory power, the theoretical basis and the way in which the citizen's supervisory power is exercised. Understanding the concept of citizen's right of supervision.Analyzing the theoretical proof of citizen's right of supervision is to study the original intention of the right of citizen's right of supervision and to provide the basic standard and requirement for the perfection of citizen's right of supervision. Therefore, the exercise of the right of citizen supervision is divided into two ways to better understand the connotation of the right of citizen supervision, and at the same time to put forward the problems of the right of citizen supervision from the perspective of the two ways to pave the way. Part II, the difference and relationship between the right of citizen supervision and the right of state supervision. At the same time, we should put forward the concept of the state supervision power. On the one hand, it is to better analyze the characteristics of the citizen supervision power. On the other hand, it is to start with the connection between the state supervision power and the citizen supervision power, so that the state supervision power can better protect the exercise of the citizen supervision power. Mainly from two aspects to analyze the problems of citizen supervision, on the one hand from the perspective of citizens, that is, combined with the exercise of citizen supervision to analyze the problems of citizen supervision. The fourth part, the last part is the key chapter of this paper, and also gives some suggestions for the various problems existing in the civil supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D921

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