本文選題：麥迪遜 + 蘇格蘭啟蒙運動��； 參考：《浙江大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：蘇格蘭啟蒙運動對美國制憲深具影響。本文旨在探討美國“憲法之父”麥迪遜與蘇格蘭啟蒙運動之間的關系。蘇格蘭啟蒙運動是英國自由主義的重要源頭。與法蘭西啟蒙學者之激進態(tài)度不同,蘇格蘭啟蒙思想家推崇穩(wěn)健、調和之風,他們不僅提出了全新的人學思想,還創(chuàng)立了大共和國理論。麥迪遜從蘇格蘭啟蒙思想中汲取了營養(yǎng),他將零散而不完整的片段構建成了自己的理論框架：對人的合理闡釋成為其理論的基點；大共和國理論無疑是他貢獻最大、影響最為深遠的思想,他得以首次實踐在一個大國中建立共和政體；調和思想既是麥氏思想形成的工具,又是其思想中不可或缺的一部分。 麥迪遜借鑒蘇格蘭啟蒙思想,并根據美利堅的現實需要加以調和與拓展：麥氏改進了斯密的“公正的旁觀者”理論,使其“自省”的范圍由個人上升至國家。他還將心中那個“公正的旁觀者”移植到憲法的設計之中,以規(guī)約其固有的不確定性；雖然大共和國理論最初的靈感可能源于休謨,但它的設計理路與休謨的完美共和國不盡相同。蘇格蘭啟蒙思想啟迪了麥迪遜的制憲思想,麥氏則通過制憲實踐而進一步推廣了蘇格蘭啟蒙思想。
[Abstract]:The Scottish Enlightenment had a profound influence on the constitution of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between Madison, the father of the American Constitution, and the Enlightenment in Scotland. The Scottish Enlightenment was an important source of British liberalism. Different from the radical attitude of French enlightening scholars, Scottish enlightenment thinkers advocated the trend of moderation and harmony. They not only put forward new ideas of human studies, but also founded the theory of the Great Republic. Madison drew nourishment from Scottish enlightenment and constructed his own theoretical framework of fragmented and incomplete fragments: the rational interpretation of man became the basis of his theory, and the theory of the Great Republic was undoubtedly his greatest contribution. With the most profound influence, he was able to establish a republic in a great country for the first time, and harmony thought was not only the tool of Mai's thought formation, but also an indispensable part of his thought. Madison draws lessons from the Scottish enlightenment thought, and adjusts and expands it according to the realistic needs of America: he improves Smith's "just bystander" theory, and makes his scope of "introspection" rise from individual to state. He also transplanted the "just bystander" into the design of the Constitution to regulate its inherent uncertainty, although the original inspiration for the Great Republic theory may have come from Hume, But its design is not the same as Hume's perfect republic. The Scottish Enlightenment thought inspired Madison's constitution-making thought, and McLaren further popularized the Scottish Enlightenment thought through the constitution-making practice.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D909.712;D911

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