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  本文選題：國家權(quán)力　切入點：結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和運行機制，在很大程度上決定著一個國家政治生活的總體面貌。國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的形成又取決于國家權(quán)力的配置原則。西方國家普遍采用“權(quán)力分立”原則來配置國家權(quán)力，形成立法、司法、行政等不同權(quán)力要素分立制衡的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們國家由于獨特的社會經(jīng)濟條件和文化傳統(tǒng)，在國家權(quán)力的配置原則上與西方國家有著根本的區(qū)別，從而形成了具有鮮明中國特色的國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和運行機制。 文章主要是從國家權(quán)力的基本特性、國家權(quán)力的結(jié)構(gòu)模式、國家權(quán)力的運行機制、國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和運行機制的利弊分析這幾個部分加以闡述的。首先對國家權(quán)力的基本特性進行闡述，這章包括兩個方面：一是國家權(quán)力的定義，首先從國家權(quán)力字面意思進行推敲，得出政治上的強制力量和職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)的支配力量兩種含義，再從學(xué)者對這個詞語含義的界定，有能力說、力量說、控制說、關(guān)系說四種觀點，最后筆者結(jié)合階級立場、歷史觀念、社會文化等多個因素，特別是結(jié)合我國的國情和黨情對國家權(quán)力進行定義；二是從國家權(quán)力定義中得出三個特性，，即強制性、統(tǒng)一性、公共性。然后對我國國家權(quán)力的結(jié)構(gòu)模式進行說明，從我國的實際情況而言，首先指出我國國家權(quán)力的構(gòu)成要素，即國家主權(quán)、國家政權(quán)、黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)和國家機構(gòu)的法定職權(quán)；然后用圖表來直觀的表述我國國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)；最后根據(jù)國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)可以得出我國國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的四個特點，即黨國融合、中央總攬、政治協(xié)商、眾權(quán)合一。最后說明我國國家權(quán)力的運行機制，國家權(quán)力本身就是一個極其復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)體系，不同性質(zhì)、不同層次的權(quán)力，其運行機制是不同的。我國是一黨執(zhí)政的國家，黨的各級委員會（黨組）實行集體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和分工負責的制度。就組織機構(gòu)而言，都是按照核心層集體決策體制設(shè)計出來的。各級黨委向同級權(quán)力機關(guān)推薦干部，進行人事任免等事項，實際上就是協(xié)調(diào)、統(tǒng)一思想的過程，這是協(xié)商機制。我國黨章和法律對各級黨委和國家機關(guān)的監(jiān)督進行了明確的規(guī)定，使國家權(quán)力能夠正常的運行。 每種不同的政治制度都有其優(yōu)點，同時也存在著缺陷。文章最后對我國國家權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)和運行機制的優(yōu)勢和弊端進行了初步的分析，以期對我國政治體制改革提供一點借鑒和啟示。
[Abstract]:State power structures and operational mechanisms, To a large extent, it determines the overall appearance of a country's political life. The formation of the structure of state power depends on the principle of the allocation of state power. Western countries generally adopt the principle of "separation of powers" to allocate state power and form legislation. The structure of separate checks and balances between different elements of power, such as judicature and administration. Because of its unique social and economic conditions and cultural traditions, our country is fundamentally different from Western countries in the allocation of state power in principle. Thus forming the state power structure and operation mechanism with distinct Chinese characteristics. The article is mainly from the basic characteristics of the state power, the structure model of the state power, the operation mechanism of the state power, The advantages and disadvantages of state power structure and operation mechanism are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the basic characteristics of state power are expounded. This chapter includes two aspects: first, the definition of state power, First, from the literal meaning of state power, two meanings are obtained, namely, political coercive force and dominant power within the scope of power. Then, from the scholars' definition of the meaning of this term, they have the ability to say, the power to say, the control to say. In the end, the author defines the state power by combining the class position, historical concept, social culture and other factors, especially the situation of our country and the party feelings. Secondly, we draw three characteristics from the definition of state power. That is, compulsion, unity, publicity. Then the structural model of state power in our country is explained. From the actual situation of our country, we first point out the constituent elements of state power in our country, that is, state sovereignty, state power, The leadership of the Party and the statutory functions and powers of the state organs; then the state power structure of our country can be intuitively expressed with charts; finally, according to the state power structure, the four characteristics of the state power structure of our country can be obtained, namely, the integration of the party and the state, the general work of the central government, Political consultation, unity of power. Finally, it explains the operating mechanism of state power in our country. State power itself is an extremely complex structural system, with different nature and different levels of power. Our country is a country in which one party is in power, and the Party's committees at all levels (party groups) have a system of collective leadership and division of responsibilities. They are all designed according to the system of collective decision-making at the core level. Party committees at all levels recommend cadres to the organs of power at the corresponding level, appoint or remove personnel, and so on. In fact, this is a process of coordinating and unifying ideas. This is a consultative mechanism. The Party Constitution and laws clearly stipulate the supervision of party committees and state organs at all levels so that state power can function normally. Each political system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the article makes a preliminary analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the structure of state power and the operating mechanism of our country. With a view to China's political system reform to provide some reference and inspiration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D921.1

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本文編號：1677125