本文關(guān)鍵詞： 商業(yè)言論 表達(dá)自由 商業(yè)廣告 限制　出處：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對于言論自由的保護(hù)是一個國家民主進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn)之一。隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,商業(yè)言論表達(dá)自由正在逐步凸顯其自身所蘊(yùn)含的價值,從而變得越來越重要。但是商業(yè)言論的憲法地位直到今日仍然十分模糊,這是我們不得不面對的難題。世界各國對于如何保護(hù)商業(yè)言論,并沒有達(dá)成一致的看法。在特定的案件中,官享有很高的自由裁量權(quán)。在逐步發(fā)展和成熟的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,商品的信息,企業(yè)的背景,經(jīng)營者的狀況等商業(yè)信息必將成為公民參與市場活動,作出正確的決策所不可或缺的重要因素。同樣的,商業(yè)言論在維護(hù)一個民主的社會和司法系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)方面也起著顯著的作用。但是,盈利性的商業(yè)言論一直以來受到了比一般言論更多的限制。商業(yè)言論在沒有違反法律和道德的情況下,由于其對經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大促進(jìn)作用,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)鼓勵商業(yè)言論的自由表達(dá)。但是,目前的實際情況是,對于商業(yè)言論的限制力度越來越大,究其原因在于商業(yè)言論虛假內(nèi)容增加。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn),不合法的商業(yè)言論的確對市場秩序造成了嚴(yán)重的打擊,但是我們不能因噎廢食。我們?nèi)匀粦?yīng)該采取理性的態(tài)度對待商業(yè)言論的限制這個課題。筆者嘗試著以商業(yè)言論的憲法地位為研究著力點,通過對國內(nèi)外不同時期有關(guān)商業(yè)言論的理論和司法判例,來嘗試著理清商業(yè)言論的發(fā)展軌跡以及憲法地位。在研究方法方面,筆者以比較研究法,對國內(nèi)外有關(guān)商業(yè)言論的學(xué)說,具體的制度進(jìn)行研究。 本文主要分為四個部分：第一部分探究了商業(yè)言論基本屬性,探討商業(yè)言論的簡單定義,在定義的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了商業(yè)言論的特征及功能�；谏虡I(yè)言論的特征,提出了區(qū)分一般性言論與商業(yè)言論的界限。隨后,以美國的商業(yè)言論發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ),介紹了美國的商業(yè)言論理論和實踐的發(fā)展。并介紹了德國法上的商業(yè)言論。第二部分主要介紹以下三種主流觀點：即商業(yè)言論憲法保護(hù)說、商業(yè)言論不屬于憲法保護(hù)說以及商業(yè)言論有限保護(hù)說。通過該部分理論知識的介紹,提出商業(yè)言論的憲法地位至今難以理清的問題。本文通過文獻(xiàn)與個案對比分析及對比發(fā)現(xiàn)各國對商業(yè)性言論的態(tài)度有所不同。第三部分首先通過對我國商業(yè)性言論現(xiàn)狀的介紹,承接前章論點的探討中國規(guī)制商業(yè)言論的必要性。第四部分試圖在前章的研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,試探性的討論我國商業(yè)言論限制的方式方法,在分忻基礎(chǔ)上提出商業(yè)言論限制的模式建構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:The protection of freedom of speech is one of the manifestations of democratic progress in a country. With the development of market economy, the freedom of expression of commercial speech is gradually highlighting its own value. So it becomes more and more important. But the constitutional status of business speech is still very vague to this day, which is a difficult problem we have to face. The countries of the world on how to protect business speech. There is no consensus. In specific cases, officials enjoy high discretion. In the progressive development and mature market economy conditions, the information of the goods, the background of the enterprise. Business information such as the condition of the operator will become an indispensable and important factor for citizens to participate in market activities and make correct decisions. Business discourse also plays a significant role in maintaining a democratic society and building a judicial system. Profit-making business speech has been subject to more restrictions than ordinary speech. Commercial speech is not contrary to the law and morality, because of its enormous role in promoting the economy. We should encourage the free expression of commercial speech. However, the reality is that restrictions on commercial speech are increasing, due to the increase in false content of commercial speech. Illegal business discourse has indeed dealt a severe blow to the market order. However, we can not choke. We should still take a rational approach to the issue of restrictions on business speech. The author tries to focus on the constitutional status of business speech. Through the domestic and foreign different periods about the commercial speech theory and the judicial precedent, attempts to clarify the commercial speech development track and the constitutional status. In the research method, the author uses the comparative research method. To domestic and foreign related commercial speech theory, the concrete system carries on the research. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part explores the basic attributes of business speech, discusses the simple definition of business speech, on the basis of the definition. The characteristics and functions of commercial speech are discussed. Based on the characteristics of commercial speech, the distinction between general speech and commercial speech is proposed. Then, based on the development of commercial speech in the United States. This paper introduces the development of commercial speech theory and practice in the United States, and introduces the commercial speech in German law. The second part mainly introduces the following three mainstream views: the constitutional protection of business speech. Commercial speech does not belong to the constitutional protection theory or the limited protection of commercial speech theory. Through the introduction of this part of the theoretical knowledge. This paper points out that the constitutional status of commercial speech is difficult to be clarified. Through the comparative analysis of literature and case studies, this paper finds that the attitude of countries towards commercial speech is different. The third part first through the commercial speech of our country. On the present situation. Part 4th tries to discuss the ways and means of restricting the commercial speech in China on the basis of the research results of the previous chapter. On the basis of sub-analysis, this paper puts forward the model construction of commercial speech restriction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D921;D923.99

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