本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公民 監(jiān)督權(quán) 實(shí)現(xiàn)　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在憲政中，公民的權(quán)利在很多方面可以體現(xiàn)，如人身權(quán)，財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，受教育權(quán)等，但同時(shí)公民的監(jiān)督權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)重要的公民的權(quán)利，同樣應(yīng)該得到公民的認(rèn)識(shí)和重視。人民作為國(guó)家的主人，國(guó)家工作人員作為人民的“公仆”，其權(quán)力應(yīng)該受到監(jiān)督，故而，為了公民權(quán)利得到更好的保障和實(shí)現(xiàn)，使公民的權(quán)利矢志不渝的得到維護(hù)，更應(yīng)該建立有效的公民監(jiān)督機(jī)制。在我國(guó)的《憲法》、《信訪條例》等法律法規(guī)中都有完善公民監(jiān)督權(quán)制度，保障公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的法律條文。從法律條文的描述，落實(shí)到公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的實(shí)施，許多更多的努力和智慧。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)的公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)有很大的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展，但是由于政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化傳統(tǒng)等原因，現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)公民的監(jiān)督權(quán)還有很多的問(wèn)題和弊端，尤其是很多的公民監(jiān)督權(quán)都流于形式。 我們從對(duì)公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的法理分析和國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的理論研究開(kāi)始，，以憲法第41條“公民的一切權(quán)利屬于人民”為切入點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)解釋“國(guó)家的一切權(quán)利屬于人民”，在公民監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的研究，我們可以更好的解決公民監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)中的問(wèn)題，提供很多更好的參考和借鑒。公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)形式，通過(guò)對(duì)公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的主題、客體和內(nèi)容的研究，更好的了解公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。從公民監(jiān)督權(quán)的憲政功能來(lái)看，公民監(jiān)督權(quán)是公民主權(quán)的直接體現(xiàn)之一，是維護(hù)基本人權(quán)的重要手段和重要途徑。我國(guó)民主法律發(fā)展較晚，摸索前進(jìn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)決定了我國(guó)在公民監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)中確實(shí)存在很大的問(wèn)題。在探討公民監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要途徑和存在的問(wèn)題過(guò)程中，對(duì)于正確理解我國(guó)憲法中公民監(jiān)督權(quán)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的指導(dǎo)意義。當(dāng)前在我國(guó)直接行使監(jiān)督權(quán)的主要途徑包括：舉報(bào)、信訪、輿論監(jiān)督、訴訟。其中存在的問(wèn)題有很多：比如法律配套制度不完善，憲法權(quán)利的法律細(xì)化不足，政務(wù)公開(kāi)程度不夠，公民實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)督權(quán)前提的知情權(quán)嚴(yán)重缺失，公民監(jiān)督渠道不暢，監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)受阻。最后，根據(jù)自己的調(diào)查研究，提出可行性創(chuàng)造性建議。 運(yùn)用科學(xué)的研究方法如比較分析法，通過(guò)古代現(xiàn)代、西方和國(guó)內(nèi)的憲法中公民監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)中的異同優(yōu)缺。在西方資本主義憲政的實(shí)施與社會(huì)主義國(guó)家憲政實(shí)施中的問(wèn)題做比較，更加深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段憲政中公民監(jiān)督權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。再如歷史分析法，在特定的時(shí)期和特定階段認(rèn)識(shí)憲法、憲政和憲法現(xiàn)象，只有從歷史條件出發(fā)，才能明白為何會(huì)存在這些問(wèn)題，如何解決這些問(wèn)題。最后是聯(lián)系實(shí)際的分析方法，法學(xué)研究是一種實(shí)踐性學(xué)科，只有聯(lián)系實(shí)際才能獲得研究法學(xué)的真正價(jià)值，賦予論文以生命力和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In constitutionalism, the rights of citizens can be reflected in many aspects, such as personal rights, property rights, the right to education and so on, but at the same time, the right of supervision of citizens as an important right of citizens. The people, as the masters of the country, and the state functionaries as the "public servants" of the people, their powers should be supervised. In order to better guarantee and realize the citizen's rights and safeguard the citizen's rights, we should set up an effective citizen supervision mechanism in our country's Constitution. The "regulations on Letters and visits" and other laws and regulations all contain legal provisions to improve the system of citizens' supervisory power and to ensure the right of supervision of citizens, from the description of the legal provisions to the implementation of the right of supervision of citizens. Many more efforts and wisdom. At present, the realization of the right of civil supervision in China has made great progress and development, but due to political, economic, cultural and other reasons. At present, there are still many problems and drawbacks in the supervision power of Chinese citizens, especially, many of them are mere forms. We begin with the legal theory analysis of the citizen's supervisory power and the theoretical research on the citizen's supervisory power at home and abroad, and take Article 41 of the Constitution as the starting point: "all the citizens' rights belong to the people". It is important to explain that "all the rights of the country belong to the people", and to realize the theoretical and practical significance in the right of civil supervision, through the study of the right of supervision of citizens at home and abroad. We can better solve the problems in the realization of citizen supervision power, and provide a lot of better reference and reference. The realization form of citizen supervision power, through the study of the subject, object and content of citizen supervision power. From the constitutional function of the citizen supervision power, the citizen supervision power is one of the direct embodiment of citizen sovereignty. It is an important means and an important way to safeguard basic human rights. To explore the reality of the progress of our country in the realization of the right of supervision of citizens really exist a lot of problems. In the process of discussing the main ways and problems of the realization of the right of citizen supervision. It is of practical significance to correctly understand the right of citizen supervision in our constitution. At present, the main ways to directly exercise the right of supervision in our country include: report, letter and visit, supervision by public opinion. Litigation. There are many problems: for example, the legal supporting system is not perfect, the law of constitutional rights is not detailed enough, the degree of public affairs is not enough, and citizens' right to know the premise of the right of supervision is seriously missing. The channel of citizen supervision is not smooth, and the realization of supervision power is blocked. Finally, according to his own investigation and research, the feasibility and creative suggestions are put forward. Using scientific research methods such as comparative analysis, through the ancient modern. The similarities and differences in the realization of the right of citizen supervision in the western and domestic constitutions are compared between the implementation of the western capitalist constitutionalism and the implementation of the constitutionalism in the socialist countries. A more profound understanding of the current constitutional government in our country in the realization of the issue of citizen supervision. Again, as the historical analysis, in a specific period and a specific stage of understanding of the Constitution, constitutionalism and constitutional phenomena, only from the historical conditions. In order to understand why these problems exist, how to solve these problems. Finally, the analysis method of connecting with practice. Law research is a practical subject, only by linking with practice can we obtain the real value of research law. Endow the thesis with vitality and practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D921

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