本文關(guān)鍵詞：憲政視野下同案同判問題研究　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 同案同判 判決要旨 憲政視野

【摘要】：法律的制定和實(shí)施是一個表述正義和實(shí)現(xiàn)正義的過程。本文擬從憲政的角度,以司法訴訟中人們所關(guān)注的同案同判問題為立足點(diǎn),來探討我國法律中的價值內(nèi)容及其實(shí)現(xiàn),并對影響法律實(shí)施過程中的諸多因素加以分析。 第一章先是簡要對同案同判的概念加以界定,然后介紹同案同判與憲法秩序功能的關(guān)系,最后是揭示同案同判所宣示的價值理念。同案同判就是法律關(guān)系的性質(zhì)相同、案情大體相同的案件,應(yīng)該在判決中有相同或相似的結(jié)果。同案同判所體現(xiàn)的憲法價值有人性尊嚴(yán)、人民民主及法治原則等。同案同判與憲法秩序功能之間的關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在這樣幾個方面,一是建構(gòu)憲法等基本法的時候,要始終如一地貫徹同案同判所宣示的價值理念；二是在建構(gòu)憲法規(guī)范以外的法律秩序的時候,也要堅(jiān)持上述原則；三是憲法和法律最終實(shí)現(xiàn)于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的基本方式和載體,是一個個具體的判例。 第二章介紹同案同判與憲法基本權(quán)利的關(guān)系。平等權(quán)強(qiáng)調(diào)是憲法和法律面前人人平等,它要求司法訴訟中無差別地對待一切當(dāng)事人,平等權(quán)是同案同判的根本要旨。生存或者說存在是人(或權(quán)利主體)享有一切權(quán)利的前提條件,所以生存權(quán)是首要或最基本的權(quán)利。自由權(quán)和發(fā)展權(quán)是作為主體已經(jīng)存在的前提之下,對存在狀態(tài)方面總結(jié)出來的兩種權(quán)利,基于自由和發(fā)展與人的基本需求之間的關(guān)系,自由權(quán)是同案同判的實(shí)體保障,發(fā)展權(quán)體現(xiàn)了同案同判的趨向激勵。 第三章論述同案同判與憲政體制下如何堅(jiān)持法治(同案同判)與維護(hù)黨的權(quán)威之間的關(guān)系。首先論述憲政與黨的權(quán)威的基本關(guān)系,憲政體制的確立離不開黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),在憲政體制建立以后,黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人民遵守憲法和法律。 同案同判是憲政體制下法治原則的根本要求,然而,黨的權(quán)威的法律實(shí)現(xiàn),偶爾也會導(dǎo)致同案不同判現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,時事政策對人民法院訴訟活動的影響也不可忽視,當(dāng)然這種影響主要體現(xiàn)在法律的適用方面,而不是對案件事實(shí)的認(rèn)定上。黨的權(quán)威與法治之間的關(guān)系可以概括為,黨一方面承認(rèn)法律的最高權(quán)威性,另一方面把握法律適用的趨向。 第四章論述同案同判與憲政中法淵源的關(guān)系。本章主要從一國所有的法淵源、立法、委任立法以及體現(xiàn)法律實(shí)施于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的先例這些方面,說明它們都必須貫穿相同的憲法價值理念,這與同案同判的要求是相一致的。最后指明先例中貫穿案件事實(shí)與準(zhǔn)據(jù)法的關(guān)鍵就在于判決要旨。 第五章探討同案同判與憲政中法律解釋的關(guān)系。首先說明法律解釋的特性——主體間性,然后指出法律解釋中的憲法價值、法律解釋方法所包含的憲法倫理,最后,歸結(jié)到法律解釋是為了更好地適用法律和實(shí)現(xiàn)法律中的正義價值,旦多種法律解釋方法所得出的結(jié)論不一樣時,以合憲性解釋為最終標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以求得盡可能的同案同判。 第六章對同案異判進(jìn)行反思,先敘述同案異判產(chǎn)生的幾個方面的原因,然后指出同案異判與憲法價值是相沖突的,也不符合憲法秩序的要求,最后,闡述同案異判與黨的權(quán)威、與法律解釋和法律推理,都有一定程度的關(guān)系。 第七章提出實(shí)現(xiàn)同案同判的途徑。首先介紹《最高人民法院關(guān)于案例指導(dǎo)工作的規(guī)定》所確立的案例指導(dǎo)制度,接著指出指導(dǎo)性案例中起核心作用的部分就在于其判決要旨,判決要旨不僅起著聯(lián)絡(luò)各級法淵源的作用,還對改變以前上下級法院之間命令式的批復(fù)關(guān)系有重大意義。
[Abstract]:The formulation and implementation of the law is a process of expressing justice and realizing justice . This paper intends to discuss the content of the value and its realization in our country ' s law from the angle of constitutional government , in order to analyze the factors that affect the implementation of the law . The first chapter firstly defines the concept of the same sentence in the same case , then introduces the relationship between the same case and the constitutional order function , and finally reveals the same or similar result in the same case . The relation between the same case and the constitutional order function is the same or similar . The second chapter introduces the relationship between the same case and the basic rights of the constitution . The right to equality emphasizes the equality before the constitution and the law . It demands that all parties be treated without distinction in the judicial proceedings . The existence or existence of the right is the primary or the most basic right . The right to freedom and the right to development are the principal or the most basic right . The right to freedom is the entity guarantee of the same sentence based on the relation between freedom and development and the basic demand of the person . The right to development reflects the trend of the same case . The third chapter discusses how to adhere to the relationship between the rule of law and the authority of the party under the same judgment and constitutional system . First , it discusses the basic relationship between the constitutional government and the party ' s authority , and the establishment of the constitutional government is inseparable from the party ' s leadership . After the establishment of the constitutional government system , the party leads the people to abide by the Constitution and the law . On the other hand , the relationship between the party ' s authority and the rule of law can be summarized as follows : On the one hand , the party admits the supreme authority of the law , and on the other hand , holds the trend of the application of the law . The fourth chapter discusses the relationship between the same text and the law origin in the constitutional government . This chapter explains all the legal sources , legislation , appointed legislation and the precedent of the implementation of the law in real life . This chapter explains that they all have to run through the same constitutional value concept , which is consistent with the requirement of the same sentence . The fifth chapter discusses the relationship between the same sentence and the interpretation of the law in the constitutional government . Firstly , it explains the characteristics of the legal interpretation and the constitutional ethics contained in the legal interpretation . Finally , the conclusion is that the interpretation of the law is the final criterion in order to better apply the law and realize the justice value in the law . In the sixth chapter , we reflect on the different judgment of the same case , first describe the causes of the different judgment of the same case , then point out that the different judgment and the constitutional value of the same case are in conflict and do not conform to the requirements of the constitutional order . Finally , the author expounds the relationship between the different judgment of the same case and the party ' s authority , and the legal interpretation and legal reasoning . Chapter 7 puts forward the way to realize the same judgment in the same case . Firstly , it introduces the case guidance system established by the Supreme People ' s Court on the case guidance work , then points out that the central part of the guiding case lies in its decision gist , which not only plays the role of contacting the sources of law at all levels , but also has great significance to the change of the order of approval between the previous and lower courts .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D921

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本文編號：1405649