【摘要】："莫道桑榆晚,微霞尚滿天",古詩人劉禹錫用只言片語便揭示了老年人的價(jià)值所在。當(dāng)前社會,伴隨著我國人口老齡化趨勢的日益加劇,我國老年人口數(shù)量日益龐大,安定老年群體,充分保障老年人人權(quán),有助于社會的和諧穩(wěn)定。十八屆三中全會之后,中央下達(dá)了關(guān)于推進(jìn)依法治國的決定,指出把推動(dòng)社會治理體制創(chuàng)新法律制度建設(shè),加速保障和改善民生,完善老年人等弱勢群體人權(quán)保障等方面的法律規(guī)定作為工作重點(diǎn)。然而,在我國當(dāng)前法制體系中,尤其是在刑事法律中,對老年人人權(quán)保障的種種規(guī)定"欲進(jìn)還止"。其中對老年人在刑事犯罪中限制適用死刑之規(guī)定、從寬處罰之規(guī)定、放寬緩刑之規(guī)定,以及在刑罰執(zhí)行過程中,在關(guān)于保障老年人人權(quán)上還不夠充分。比如,缺乏保障人權(quán)的理念;在刑事法律中針對老年人免死、從寬處罰及放寬緩刑適用年齡界限不合理;在減刑、假釋的相關(guān)適用條件上對老年人罪犯傾斜力度不夠;老年人罪犯承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任方式過于單一等。由此,在本文中,筆者具體分析指出我國刑事法律在以上各方面對老年人人權(quán)保障上存在的不足之處,并提出具體合理的建議。簡單而言就是增強(qiáng)保障人權(quán)的理念;將免死年齡界限降低至70歲,限制甚至減少死刑對老年人罪犯的適用;將從寬處罰及放寬緩刑適用的年齡界限均降低至65歲;在選擇適用刑罰和執(zhí)行刑罰時(shí)需要靈活化,并針對老年人犯罪適當(dāng)適用非刑罰處罰方法。具體來說本篇文章共分成以下面四個(gè)章節(jié)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論述:第一章是本文的緒論部分,簡要說明文章的選題背景、研究意義,國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,研究思路和方法,以及本文的創(chuàng)新與不足之處。第二章是概述部分。第一個(gè)方面主要是對人權(quán)進(jìn)行一個(gè)大致概述,論述了人權(quán)的起源及現(xiàn)代人權(quán)理念在我國的發(fā)展歷程。第二個(gè)方面界定本文的研究主體"老年人",并認(rèn)為在當(dāng)前社會65周歲以上的人才謂"老年人"。第三個(gè)方面筆者論述了對老年人人權(quán)進(jìn)行保障的依據(jù),包括刑法的人道主義價(jià)值、刑罰的輕緩化趨勢等理論依據(jù)及在國際上對老年人人權(quán)的刑事法律保障趨勢、我國人口老齡化問題等現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。第三章闡述了我國刑事法律中對老年人人權(quán)進(jìn)行保障的現(xiàn)狀,并分析指出其中存在的不足。不足之處主要有人權(quán)保障理念的缺乏,承擔(dān)刑事責(zé)任方式過于單一,對老年人免死、從寬處罰及放寬緩刑適用年齡界限不合理等。第四章根據(jù)前文中我國刑事法律在保障老年人人權(quán)方面存在的不足,提出了合理的完善建議。
[Abstract]:"Mo Dao Sangyu is late, Xiaoxia is still full of sky." Liu Yuxi, an ancient poet, revealed the value of the elderly with a few words. At present, with the increasing trend of population aging in our country, the number of the elderly population in our country is becoming larger and larger, the stability of the elderly group, the full protection of the human rights of the elderly, and contribute to the harmony and stability of the society. After the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Central Committee issued a decision on promoting the rule of law, pointing out that the legal provisions on promoting the innovation of the legal system of social governance system, speeding up the protection and improvement of people's livelihood, and perfecting the human rights protection of vulnerable groups such as the elderly should be the focus of their work. However, in the current legal system of our country, especially in the criminal law, all kinds of provisions on the protection of the human rights of the elderly "want to return". Among them, the restrictions on the application of the death penalty to the elderly in criminal crimes, the provisions of lenient punishment, the relaxation of suspended sentences, and the protection of the human rights of the elderly are not sufficient in the course of the execution of penalties. For example, there is a lack of the concept of protecting human rights; in the criminal law, it is unreasonable to exempt the elderly from death, lenient punishment and relax the applicable age limit of probation; in the relevant applicable conditions of commutation and parole, the preference for elderly criminals is not enough; the way for elderly criminals to bear criminal responsibility is too single, and so on. Therefore, in this paper, the author analyzes and points out the shortcomings of the criminal law of our country in protecting the human rights of the elderly in the above aspects, and puts forward some concrete and reasonable suggestions. To put it simply, it is necessary to strengthen the concept of protecting human rights; to reduce the age limit of exemption from death to 70 years of age, to limit or even reduce the application of the death penalty to elderly criminals; to reduce the age limit of leniency and relaxation of probation to 65 years of age; to be flexible in choosing and implementing penalties, and to apply appropriate non-penalty punishment methods for crimes committed by the elderly. Specifically, this article is divided into the following four chapters for detailed discussion: the first chapter is the introduction of this paper, briefly describes the background of the topic, research significance, research status at home and abroad, research ideas and methods, as well as the innovation and shortcomings of this paper. The second chapter is an overview. The first aspect is a general overview of human rights, discussing the origin of human rights and the development of modern human rights concepts in our country. The second aspect defines the main body of this study, "the elderly", and holds that the people over the age of 65 in the current society are called "the elderly". In the third aspect, the author discusses the basis of protecting the human rights of the elderly, including the humanitarian value of criminal law, the trend of mitigating penalty, the trend of criminal legal protection of the human rights of the elderly in the world, and the realistic basis of the aging of the population in our country. The third chapter expounds the present situation of guaranteeing the human rights of the elderly in the criminal law of our country, and analyzes and points out the shortcomings. The main shortcomings are the lack of the concept of human rights protection, the too single way to bear criminal responsibility, the exemption of the elderly from death, leniency and relaxation of the age limit applicable to probation, and so on. The fourth chapter puts forward some reasonable suggestions according to the shortcomings of the criminal law in protecting the human rights of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D925.2

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